Use of Polymers in Controlled Release of Active Agents

Pandey, Sharad Prakash; Shukla, Tripti; Dhote, Vinod; Mishra, Dinesh Kumar; Maheshwari, Rahul; Tekade, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817909-3.00004-2

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…The active substances reach the brain directly from the nasal cavity, along the trigeminal nerve and through the olfactory system, bypassing the BBB in a non-invasive way [ 9 , 103 ], or are absorbed through the nasal epithelium into the systemic circulation and then pass by the BBB in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 104 ]. Systems that deliver the drug without being invasive and without penetrating BBB are considered to be third-generation systems [ 11 ]. Most of the advantages of using the nasal pathway are depicted in Figure 4 .…”

Section: The Nasal Routementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan is a polymeric polysaccharide [ 5 ] ( Figure 1 ) with a linear structure [ 8 ], is unbranched [ 9 ] and flexible [ 5 ], and has a high nitrogen content [ 6 ]. It has a high adsorption capacity [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and permeability [ 13 ], but has a low mechanical strength [ 14 ]. It presents several polymorphic forms that impact its solubility, porosity, particle size, shape, and bioavailability [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Opportunity to Formulate Intranasal Vaccines and Drug Delivery Systems Based on Chitosan

Popescu

Ghica

Dinu-Pîrvu

et al. 2020

IJMS

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In an attempt to develop drug delivery systems that bypass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and prevent liver and intestinal degradation, it was concluded that nasal medication meets these criteria and can be used for drugs that have these drawbacks. The aim of this review is to present the influence of the properties of chitosan and its derivatives (mucoadhesion, permeability enhancement, surface tension, and zeta potential) on the development of suitable nasal drug delivery systems and on the nasal bioavailability of various active pharmaceutical ingredients. Interactions between chitosan and proteins, lipids, antigens, and other molecules lead to complexes that have their own applications or to changing characteristics of the substances involved in the bond (conformational changes, increased stability or solubility, etc.). Chitosan and its derivatives have their own actions (antibacterial, antifungal, immunostimulant, antioxidant, etc.) and can be used as such or in combination with other molecules from the same class to achieve a synergistic effect. The applicability of the properties is set out in the second part of the paper, where nasal formulations based on chitosan are described (vaccines, hydrogels, nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), powders, emulsions, etc.).

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Section: The Nasal Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Opportunity to Formulate Intranasal Vaccines and Drug Delivery Systems Based on Chitosan

Popescu

Ghica

Dinu-Pîrvu

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Sodium alginate (SA) is a linear polymer that has D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid residues in the polymer chain, obtained from brown seaweed [17]. SA is one of the most adaptable, versatile polymers, widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries because of its properties like biocompatible, biodegradable, inherent hydrophilicity, non-toxic and good potentiality in drug delivery applications [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Nano Clay Intercalated Polymeric Microbeads for Controlled Release of Curcumin

2021

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Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the Curcumin (CUR) encapsulated sodium alginate (SA)/badam gum (BG)/kaolin (KA) microbeads for controlled drug release studies. Methods: The fabricated microbeads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic swelling studies and in vitro release kinetics were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 °C. Results: FTIR confirms the formation of microbeads. DSC studies confirm the polymorphism of CUR in drug loaded microbeads which indicate the molecular level dispersion of the drug in the microbeads. SEM studies confirmed the microbeads are spherical in shape with wrinkled and rough surfaces. XRD studies reveal the molecular dispersion of CUR and the presence of KA in the developed microbeads. In vitro release studies and swelling studies depend on the pH of test media, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The % of drug release values fit into the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and n values are obtained in the range of 0.577-0.664, which indicates that the developed microbeads follow the non-Fickian diffusion drug release mechanism. Conclusion: The results concluded that the CUR encapsulated microbeads are potentially good carriers for controlled drug release studies.

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“…Further, it has several drawbacks such as poor patient compliance, frequent dosing, poor bioavailability etc. To overcome these problems novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) such as controlled/sustained drug release systems with IPNs(Interpenetrating polymer networks) have been evolved [3,6]. Polymers play a vital role in the development of controlled drug delivery systems because of their favourable and flexible features such as biocompatibility, non-toxic, biodegradability and also it can be easily produced at industrial scale [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Drug Delivery System for Controlled Release of Curcumin, Intercalated With Magnetite Nanoparticles Through Sodium Alginate/Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Co-Vinyl Acetate Semi Ipn Microbeads

et al. 2020

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Objective: The aim of the present work is to fabricate curcumin (CUR) encapsulated microbeads in the polymer matrix of sodium alginate (SA)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-co-vinyl acetate (PVP-co-VAc) intercalated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using glutaraldehyde (GA)/calcium chloride CaCl2 as the crosslinker. Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by a modified co-precipitation method. Curcumin encapsulated SA/PVP-co-VAc microbeads, intercalated with MNPs were prepared by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The formation of microbeads and uniform distribution of curcumin were characterized using spectroscopic methods. In addition, swelling and drug release kinetic studies of the microbeads were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies reveal that the peak at 181 °C of CUR was not observed in CUR loaded microbeads, which confirms that CUR was encapsulated at the molecular level in the polymer matrix. The X-Ray diffraction (X-RD) diffractograms of CUR shows 2Ө peaks between 12-28 °, which indicated the crystalline nature of CUR, these peaks are not found in CUR loaded microbeads, suggesting that the drug has been molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The X-RD 2Ө peaks of MNPs are observed in the MNPs loaded microbeads, which confirms that MNPs are successfully loaded in the microbeads. The swelling studies and in vitro release studies were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The results reveal that at pH 7.4 highest swelling and release was observed, which confirms that the developed microbeads are pH sensitive and are suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics fit into the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, indicating non-Fickian diffusion. Conclusion: The results concluded that the present system as dependent on pH of the test medium and hence suggest suitability for intestinal drug delivery.

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Use of Polymers in Controlled Release of Active Agents

Cited by 43 publications

References 160 publications

New Opportunity to Formulate Intranasal Vaccines and Drug Delivery Systems Based on Chitosan

New Opportunity to Formulate Intranasal Vaccines and Drug Delivery Systems Based on Chitosan

Fabrication of Nano Clay Intercalated Polymeric Microbeads for Controlled Release of Curcumin

Fabrication of Drug Delivery System for Controlled Release of Curcumin, Intercalated With Magnetite Nanoparticles Through Sodium Alginate/Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Co-Vinyl Acetate Semi Ipn Microbeads

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