Use of polypropylene pyrolysis oil in alternative fuel production

Abstract

In this study, polypropylene (PP) was recycled in a non-stirred batch reactor by slow pyrolysis at low temperature. Virgin PP and waste PP as well as mixed material of equal amounts of virgin PP plus virgin PP pyrolysis oil (ratio 1:1 w/w) were used as raw material. The highest yields of liquid product were obtained at 350°C and 400°C (82.0 and 82.3 w/w%, respectively). The density, viscosity and calorific value of the gasoline and diesel fractions of the obtained pyrolysis oils comply with EN228 and EN590 standards, respectively. The flash point corresponded to the standard only for some of the oils, but the cold filter clogging point, the pour point and especially the oxidation stability were far above the stated reference values of the standards. The pyrolysis oils as products of thermal decomposition were determined by the methods of 1H and 13C and two-dimensional-heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) spectra. Spectral analysis showed that only very little aromatic compounds were present in the oils, but they contained many unsaturated compounds, which is presumably consistent with the measured oxidation stability and limits their use in the production of alternative fuels. The research octane number (RON) calculated from the NMR analyses corresponds to the lower limit of gasoline.

Comparison of Antioxidants to Increase the Oxidation Stability of Pyrolysis Oils of Three Plastics Using Iodine Value

“…The only parameter of distillates that is between 55% and 86% below the requirements for gasoline and diesel fuels is oxidation stability. The low oxidation stability of the oils and distillates is probably due to the high content of unsaturated, double-bonded compounds (alkenes, alkadienes, aromatic compounds), the presence of which was confirmed by NMR spectral analysis of the oils (published in [21,33]) and the iodine values determined. Further experimental studies are required to increase the oxidation stability of the distillates.…”

Feasibility Study of Plastic Waste Pyrolysis from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill with Spent FCC Catalyst

“…However, before use, pyrolysis liquid oils should be upgraded through various methods such as distillation, refining, and blending with conventional diesel. Various studies have reported on the use of pyrolysis oil in diesel engines for electricity generation (Rehan et al, 2016;Kassargy et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2021) and the use of pyrolysis oil or blended pyrolysis oil with conventional diesel as a transportation fuel (Faussone, 2018;Jahirul et al, 2022;Uebe et al, 2022). Furthermore, because of the high-value chemical potentials of pyrolysis oils, they could be used in industries such as the browning and flavoring of wood adhesives (Kunwar et al, 2016) and could be a source of precursor chemicals in plastic, including biocompatible and biodegradable plastic industries (Lu et al, 2021;Mahari et al, 2022).…”

Pengolahan Sampah Plastik (Polypropylene) Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak

“…Pada menit ke 60 jumlah minyak yang dihasilkan juga cenderung lebih tinggi karena adanya kandungan air di dalamnya sehingga pada sampel waktu 60 menit, minyak yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning keruh dan terdapat adanya endapan seperti lilin. Adanya endapan ini dapat sebabkan karena minyak pirolisis mengandung parafin (Uebe et al, 2022). Berbeda halnya dari kedua sampel, sampel 90 adalah sampel yang memiliki minyak dengan warna dan karakteristik yang jauh berbeda dengan kedua sampel sebelumnya.…”