Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Enders, Brittany; Olby, Natasha J.; Mariani, Christopher L.

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000350

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Only one report described multifocal masticatory muscle involvement. 18 In our case, MRI showed mainly the presence of multifocal, intraxial, periventricular lesions and multifocal muscular lesions. In all cases, the magnetic resonance images were suggestive of an inflammatory disease, supported by the CSF analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…24 To our knowledge, there are only three reports describing the MRI findings of dogs with CNS protothecosis. [16][17][18] Previous MRI findings were consistent of multifocal, intraxial lesions, showing mainly involvement of the brainstem (pons and medulla oblongata) with various degrees of meningeal inflammation and a lesser involvement of the caudate nucleus, corpus callosum and hippocampus. Only one report described multifocal masticatory muscle involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The prognosis for disseminated infection is grave, with most animals succumbing to the disease within weeks, despite various attempted treatments. 18 Learning points ► Protothecosis should be suspected in cases of young dogs with chronic fluctuating haemorrhagic diarrhoea, multifocal neurological signs and acute onset of blindness. ► Uncertain diagnosis of disseminated prothotecosis can be made by blood exam, cytological evaluation, MRI and cerebrospinal fluid examination; however, the definitive diagnosis can be only achieved by culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, in veterinary medicine, there are only three reports describing the MRI findings of dogs with central nervous system (CNS) protothecosis. [16][17][18] Hence, the aim of this study was to describe in detail the neurological and 3-T MRI findings of protothecosis encephalic lesions in a dog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3‐T MRI of protothecosis encephalic lesions in a Scottish shepherd dog

Cocchetto

Briola

Furlanello

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A four-year-old Scottish Shepherd dog was referred for acute onset of disorientation, blindness and chronic diarrhoea. The neurological examination was consistent with a multifocal neurolocalisation involving the prosencephalon and the brainstem. The ophthalmological exam showed bilateral chorioretinitis with retinal detachment. The brain MRI showed periventricular and left caudate nucleus lesions, increased thickness of the left III, IV, VI and opthalmic branch of V cranial nerves and bilateral multifocal lesions in the temporal and masseter muscles. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed mild mixed pleocytosis. Faecal and urine cultures were positive for Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. Despite starting itraconazole therapy, the dog’s conditions deteriorated and the owner elected euthanasia. Protothecosis should be suspected in young dogs with multifocal neurological signs, blindness and chronic diarrhoea.MRI study of the central nervous system (CNS), together with blood exam, cytology and cultures, is a useful tool to evaluate the CNS in disseminated form of Prototheca infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3‐T MRI of protothecosis encephalic lesions in a Scottish shepherd dog

Cocchetto

Briola

Furlanello

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs

Proskurnicka,

Iskra,

Wronka

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundProtothecosis in dogs is a rare, yet emerging disease, distinguished by its often‐aggressive clinical course and high fatality rate. Our study was conducted to enhance treatment protocols for affected dogs by better understanding the genetic diversity and drug resistance patterns of Prototheca species.ObjectivesTo identify species and drug susceptibility profiles of an international collection of 28 Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs.AnimalsNone.MethodsRetrospective study. Species‐level identification was made for isolates from 28 dogs in 6 countries by molecular typing with the partial cytb gene as a marker. For the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum algicidal concentrations (MACs), the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27‐A3) was used.ResultsPrototheca bovis was the most prevalent species, accounting for 75% (21/28) of the cases, followed by P. wickerhamii (18%; 5/28) and P. ciferrii (7%; 2/28). Of the 6 drugs tested, efinaconazole (EFZ) was the most potent in vitro, with its median MIC and MAC values equal to 0.125 mg/L. The lowest activity was found for fluconazole (FLU), with MIC and MAC medians of 48 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study identifies P. bovis as the species that most frequently causes protothecosis in dogs, which suggests the possibility of cross‐species infection from other animals, especially cows. Additionally, it indicates that EFZ could be used in the treatment of infection in the colon.

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Obstructive Hydrocephalus and Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Disseminated Protothecosis in a Boxer Dog

Tauro,

Macri,

Gaudette

et al. 2024

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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Canine protothecosis is a rare disease caused by saprophytic unicellular achlorophyllous aerobic algae that are ubiquitous in the environment. We report a novel case of neurological and cardiological manifestations associated with disseminated protothecosis. An adult spayed female Boxer dog was presented with a 1‐week history of anorexia, progressive central vestibular signs, and a Grade III/VI systolic heart murmur. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed obstructive hydrocephalus at the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct, while echocardiography and elevated troponin levels suggested an infiltrative cardiomyopathy. No obvious cause was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection was not performed due to associated procedural risks. Despite receiving symptomatic treatment and maintaining stability for 3 weeks, the dog eventually suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. Postmortem examination revealed disseminated protothecosis, predominantly affecting the heart and brain. We recommend that in cases where the cause of obstructive hydrocephalus is unclear, especially when CSF collection is not feasible, a comprehensive diagnostic method should be implemented. This includes meticulous investigations to identify infected tissues, followed by sampling and performing cytology/histology and culture tests to confirm the presence of the algal organism. Early diagnosis may allow early treatment, although long‐term prognosis remains largely unfavorable due to the absence of effective treatments.

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Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

3‐T MRI of protothecosis encephalic lesions in a Scottish shepherd dog

3‐T MRI of protothecosis encephalic lesions in a Scottish shepherd dog

Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs

Obstructive Hydrocephalus and Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Disseminated Protothecosis in a Boxer Dog

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