Use of powdered coconut charcoal as a toxicity identification and evaluation manipulation for organic toxicants in marine sediments

Ho, Kay T.; Burgess, Robert M.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Serbst, Jonathan R.; Cook, Howard; Cantwell, Mark G.; Ryba, Stephen A.; Perron, Monique M.; Lebo, Jon A.; Huckins, James N.; Petty, Jimmie D.

doi:10.1897/03-407

Cited by 51 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sand was added in proportion to amendment additions to sediments not receiving amending materials to compensate for potential dilution effects. Sediments were allowed to equilibrate for 24 to 36 h prior to the addition of test organisms [9,12,17]. Phase I testing, excluding ammonia phase I testing, was conducted using the same 10-d bioassay methodology used in the screening experiments.…”

Section: Phase I Testing: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCC selectively removes organic contaminants, while having little influence on the toxicity of ammonia or metals or affecting aquatic organism health [9,12]. The PCC was produced from coconut husks after being pyrolyzed and ground into a powder (coarse: 105-595 mm).…”

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCC was produced from coconut husks after being pyrolyzed and ground into a powder (coarse: 105-595 mm). The PCC was hydrated (290 g PCC into 1,000 ml of deionized water) in a vacuum flask and placed under a vacuum for at least 18 h. In the vacuum flask, air was removed under vacuum and water was able to effectively permeate into the PCC [9,12]. Next, the mixture was centrifuged at 2,500 g for 30 min at 48C, and then overlying water was decanted.…”

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, the mixture was centrifuged at 2,500 g for 30 min at 48C, and then overlying water was decanted. The hydrated PCC was added to the sediment at 20% of the sediment weight (12 g of PCC for 60 g of wet sediment) [9,12].…”

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, pore-water TIEs do not account for all potential uptake pathways, such as sediment ingestion. In contrast, the whole-sediment TIE incorporates many biological uptake pathways and better represents in situ conditions [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying the causes of sediment-associated contamination in the Illinois River (USA) using a whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation

Mehler

Maul

You

et al. 2010

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) techniques were employed on the Illinois River Complex (IRC), USA to identify the sources of sediment toxicity that may have contributed to the decline in benthic invertebrate populations. The TIE focused on three classes of contaminants: ammonia, metals, and organics. Sediment toxicity was assessed using the amphipod Hyalella azteca, and the focus of the TIE was on assessing spatial and temporal patterns of contamination. Past studies suggested that ammonia was the major source of contamination in IRC sediments. However, the present study suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the primary contributor to sediment toxicity. Phase I testing showed 46% of the site trials (12 of 26) exhibited increased H. azteca survival (p < 0.05) with the addition of powdered coconut charcoal (organic amendment), whereas zeolite (ammonia amendment) and Resin Tech SIR 300 (cationic metals amendment) did not increase H. azteca survival. Phase II testing revealed PAH concentrations were high enough to cause the observed toxicity, confirming phase I results. Spatially, sediment toxicity as well as pore-water ammonia concentrations declined with distance downstream from suspected contaminant sources, indicating a potential dilution or remedial effect. Temporally, pore-water ammonia, metals, and PAH concentrations varied among sampling periods over an annual cycle for some sites near urbanized areas, while remaining temporally consistent at others. The results of the present study provide new information on the sources of toxicity within the IRC, and demonstrate the importance of evaluating spatial and temporal aspects in sediment TIEs. This is particularly important for evaluations in riverine systems in which hydrologic processes can result in large variation in sediment toxicity on temporal and spatial scales.

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Section: Phase I Testing: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonpolar Organic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Identifying the causes of sediment-associated contamination in the Illinois River (USA) using a whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation

Mehler

Maul

You

et al. 2010

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Biomarkers in Integrated Ecotoxicological Sediment Assessment

Hartl

2010

Sedimentology of Aqueous Systems

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In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using carbonaceous materials

Rakowska

Kupryianchyk

Harmsen

et al. 2012

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

100

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Abstract-Carbonaceous materials (CM), such as activated carbons or biochars, have been shown to significantly reduce porewater concentrations and risks by binding hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) present in aquatic sediments. In the present study, the authors review the current state-of-the-art use of CM as an extensive method for sediment remediation, covering both technical and ecological angles. The review addresses how factors such as CM type, particle size and dosage, sediment characteristics, and properties of contaminants affect the effectiveness of CM amendment to immobilize HOCs in aquatic sediments. The authors also review the extent to which CM may reduce bioaccumulation and toxicity of HOCs and whether CM itself has negative effects on benthic species and communities. The review is based on literature and datasets from laboratory as well as field trials with CM amendments. The presence of phases such as natural black carbon, oil, or organic matter in the sediment reduces the effectiveness of CM amendments. Carbonaceous material additions appear to improve the habitat quality for benthic organisms by reducing bioavailable HOC concentrations and toxicity in sediment. The negative effects of CM itself on benthic species, if any, have been shown to be mild. The beneficial effects of reducing toxicity at low CM concentrations most probably outweigh the mild negative effects observed at higher CM concentrations. Environ.

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Use of powdered coconut charcoal as a toxicity identification and evaluation manipulation for organic toxicants in marine sediments

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Identifying the causes of sediment-associated contamination in the Illinois River (USA) using a whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation

Identifying the causes of sediment-associated contamination in the Illinois River (USA) using a whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation

Biomarkers in Integrated Ecotoxicological Sediment Assessment

In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using carbonaceous materials

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