Use of Probiotic Bacillus spp. in Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia (Artemia urmiana) Enrichment: Effects on Growth and Survival of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Larvae

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the effect of a preparation of Bacillus probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis, 1:1) on growth and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. The larvae were fed on Artemia urmiana nauplii and Brachionus plicatilis enriched with the probiotic preparation at 1 × 10(6) CFU mL(-1) rate. The experimental setup was completely randomized design comprised of six treatments, namely solo Artemia nauplii (A) or rotifer (R), Artemia nauplii and rotifer without any enrichment (A + R), Artemia nauplii enrichment with probiotic bacilli (Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis) (A + B), rotifer enrichment with probiotic bacilli (R + B) and enriched Artemia nauplii and rotifer (A + R + B). All treatments were performed in triplicate. Chemical parameters of rearing water viz. pH, salinity and temperature were 7.5-8, 30-31 ppt and 31-32 °C, respectively. Photoperiod was 16L:8D. Shrimp larvae were fed Artemia nauplii and rotifers at 5-20 and 10-40 individuals per shrimp larvae four times a day, respectively. Growth and survival rate of larvae were determined at MII, MIII, PL1, PL4, PL7 and PL10 stages. Larvae in A + R + B treatment showed the highest total length (10.89 ± 0.51 mm), weight (674 ± 73 μg) and survival rate (65% ± 3.5). Lowest total length, weight and survival rate (7.96 ± 0.63 mm, 493 ± 52 μg and 24.5 ± 2.4%, respectively) were recorded in treatment B larvae. We concluded that Bacillus probiotic can improve growth and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp larvae without conceivably undesirable effects.

Effects of Extended-Rotifers Inclusion and Live Food-Enrichment with Probiotics on the Survival, Metamorphosis, Development Time and Growth of Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain (Estampador) Larvae

“…In the current study, a diet that included both enriched rotifers and Artemia with probiotics increased survival and metamorphosis rates of megalopa compared to a diet without enriched live food. The same results were obtained in L. vannamei fed both enriched rotifer and Artemia (Jamali et al, 2015). Total bacteria and probiotic Bacillus increased in the host (Jamali et al,, 2015) that resulted in increasing activity of digestive enzymes (Ziaei-Nejad et al, 2005) and inhibiting the growth of pathogens (Decamp et al, 2008), which in turn improved larval survival.…”

“…The same results were obtained in L. vannamei fed both enriched rotifer and Artemia (Jamali et al, 2015). Total bacteria and probiotic Bacillus increased in the host (Jamali et al,, 2015) that resulted in increasing activity of digestive enzymes (Ziaei-Nejad et al, 2005) and inhibiting the growth of pathogens (Decamp et al, 2008), which in turn improved larval survival. In addition, Nogami et al (1997) reported that the bacterial strain PM-4 (Thalassobacterutilis), which was added daily into rearing water increased the survival of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) larvae by repressing the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi.…”

“…The beneficial effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics are displayed through competition for habitat and nutrients to displace harmful bacteria (Moriarty, 1998), provision of nutrients and enhanced digestive enzyme activities (Ziaei-Nejad et al, 2006;Wang, 2007;Zhou et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2016), improvement of water quality (Nimrat et al, 2012), enhancing immune responses (Rengpipat et al, 2000;Tseng et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2013;Ambas, 2015) and producing antiviral substances (Lakshmi et al, 2013;Pandiyan et al, 2013). Although the beneficial uses of probiotics, including bacteria of the genus Bacillus, have been made in larval, post-larval and juvenile stages of shrimp (Rengpipat et al, 1998;Ziaei-Nejad et al, 2006;Balcázar and Rojas-Luna, 2007;Yu et al, 2008;Guo et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2010;Nimrat et al, 2012;Vinoj et al, 2013;Dong et al, 2014;Jamali et al, 2015) and in mud crab larvae and juvenile (Wu et al, 2014;Dan and Hamasaki, 2015;Talib et al, 2017), no information is available on the effects of supplementing probiotics and extending the inclusion of rotifers on the survival, metamorphosis, development time and growth of mud crab larvae. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of enriching live feeds (Artemia and rotifers) with commercially available Bacillus spp.…”

Autochthonous probiotic mixture improves biometrical parameters of larvae of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Caracidae, Characiforme, Teleostei)

“…not only has a proper size and great nutritional value but also is an adequate vehicle to deliver other substances such as nutrients, antimicrobials, vaccines and probiotics (AZIMIRAD et al, 2016;JAMALI et al, 2015). Thus, in the first stage of this investigation, it was proved that all strains remain viable in the water of the experimental units with no significant modifications in the number of viable cells after 4 hours.…”

Continuous and pulse‐feeding application of multispecies probiotic bacteria in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…This effect on body weight was often, but not always, accompanied by a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (Zokaeifar et al, 2012) or higher survival rate (Shen et al, 2010), or the results were inconsistent (Franco et al, 2017). There are examples in the literature where probiotic applications did not affect growth parameters, but authors reported beneficial effects on the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae (Jamali et al, 2015).…”