Use of Protection Motivation Theory to Assess Fear of Crime in Rural Areas

Cates, James A.; Dian, Donald A.; Schnepf, Greg W.

doi:10.1080/1068316021000072184

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To be sure, there is some psychological work on the influence of social perception and environmental factors (van der Wurff, Van Staalduinen, & Stringer, 1989;Warr, 1990;Nasar & Fisher, 1993;Perkins, Wandersman, Rich, & Taylor, 1993;Perkins & Taylor, 1996;Nasar & Jones, 1997;Farrall, Bannister, Ditton., & Gilchrist, 2000;Jackson, 2004;. There is some psychological work on the impact of criminal victimisation on fear (Winkel et al, 2003;Denkers & Winkel, 1998a, 1998bWinkel, 1998Winkel, , 1989Bilsky & Wetzels, 1997;Cates, Dian, & Schnepf, 2003). There is some psychological work on what 'fear' of crime means in the first place, and what is actually being measured (Farrall, Bannister, Ditton, & Gilchrist, 1997;Gray, Jackson, & Farrall, 2008a, 2008b; and on social desirability and suppression in the measurement of fear (Sutton & Farrall, 2005.…”

Section: The Study Towards a Psychological Perspective On Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime

Jackson¹

2009

Psychology, Crime & Law

255

247

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This document is the author's final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. AbstractThis paper examines vulnerability and risk perception in the fear of crime. Past studies have often treated gender and age as proxies for vulnerability, and on the few occasions that vulnerability has been operationalised, there has been little agreement on the mechanisms that underpin perceived susceptibility. To develop a more theoretically-driven approach, the current study examines whether markers of vulnerability are associated with higher levels of fear through mediating assessments of likelihood, control and consequence. Females are found to worry more frequently than males partly because (a) they feel less able to physically defend themselves, (b) they have lower perceived self-efficacy, (c) they have higher perceived negative impact, and (d) they see the likelihood of victimisation as higher for themselves and for their social group. Younger people are also found to worry more frequently than older people, but differential vulnerability does not explain this association. Finally structural equation modelling shows that the effects on worry of physical defence capabilities, selfefficacy and perceived consequence are mostly mediated through judgements of absolute and relative risk. Conclusions focus on the implications of this finding for debates about the rationality of the fear of crime.

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Section: The Study Towards a Psychological Perspective On Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime

Jackson¹

2009

Psychology, Crime & Law

255

247

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“…PMT has been widely applied in health studies (Greening & Stoppelbein, 2000;Houlding & Davidson, 2003;Plotnikoff, Trinh, Courneya, Karunamuni, & Sigal, 2009;Prentice-Dunn, Jones, & Floyd, 1997) (for a meta-analytic review see Milne, Sheeran, & Orbell, 2000) and there have been several applications of the theory to other topics (for a meta-analysis of research see Floyd et al, 2000). PMT has been extended to environmental issues (Bender, Martin, & Raish, 2007;Martens & Rost, 1998;Vaughn, 1993), injury protection (Axelrod & Newton, 1991;Wolf, Gregory, & Stephan, 1986), social concerns and food safety (Cates, Dian, & Schnepf, 2003;Cox & Bastiaans, 2007;Henson, Blandon, Cranfield, & Herath, 2010;Henson, Masakure, & Cranfield, 2008;Plotnikoff & Higginbotham, 1998;Schafer, Schafer, Bultena, & Hoiberg, 1993). In particular, Henson et al (2010) emphasize the relevance of PMT in food choice by stating ''Indeed, empirical studies using PMT suggest that threat appraisal has a significant influence on dietary behavior'' (p. 53).…”

Section: Protection Motivation Theory In Food Choice and Its Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic food choices and Protection Motivation Theory: Addressing the psychological sources of heterogeneity

Scarpa

Thiene

2011

Food Quality and Preference

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“…Under this hypothesis, therefore, if a person feels "threatened," an increased use of personal protection measures and defensive behaviors may result (see Rader 2004). As noted in the study, however, staff reported low levels related to the fear of victimization, which could be attributed to the rural environment where high degrees of social cohesion in rural areas and low levels of community disorder have been found to mitigate victimization fears (Cates et al 2003;Crank et al 2003;Franklin et al 2008). Conversely, the positive work/school environment may also be a mitigating factor, since workplace-related traumas create a myriad of personal and coping measures including heightened concerns for safety (Cole et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Consequences of School Violence: Personal Coping and Protection Measures by School Personnel in Their Personal Lives

Johnson

Barton‐Bellessa

2014

Deviant Behavior

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To date, the fear of victimization of school personnel outside the school setting has not been extensively studied. Using the lifestyles-routine activities theoretical approach, this exploratory study investigated whether school personnel have concerns of being victimized by current/former students and parents/guardians. Using self-report data from a Midwestern rural school district, this study found that in most instances school personnel have a low fear of victimization and subsequently do not engage in personal avoidance activities in particular social settings, with the exception of a small number of males who reported avoiding current and former students in restaurants. Furthermore, the majority of school personnel did not report the use of personal protection measures or concerns related to the safety of their children and/or significant others or spouses. An agenda for future research is discussed.

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Use of Protection Motivation Theory to Assess Fear of Crime in Rural Areas

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime

A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime

Organic food choices and Protection Motivation Theory: Addressing the psychological sources of heterogeneity

Consequences of School Violence: Personal Coping and Protection Measures by School Personnel in Their Personal Lives

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