“…Many different techniques (e.g., physical separation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy, benzene polycarboxylic acid, mid-infrared spectroscopy, and partial least squares regression) are currently being used to measure PyC concentration and composition (Schmidt and Noack, 2000;Gustafsson et al, 2001;Masiello, 2004;Preston and Schmidt, 2006;Hammes et al, 2007;De La Rosa et al, 2008;Wiedemeier et al, 2013Wiedemeier et al, , 2015Cotrufo et al, 2016), with varying degrees of accuracy for quantifying different types of compounds in the PyC continuum (Masiello, 2004;Hammes et al, 2007). Due to the variety of techniques currently used, and a lack of meaningful standardization methods for the different techniques, direct comparison of published results is extremely difficult.…”