Use of radiographic measures and three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging in surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog

Abstract

A segmental radiographic planning technique combined with the CORA method, computed tomography, and stereolithography may be useful in the characterization of and planning corrective surgery for forelimb deformities in dogs.

Characteristics of bone fractures and usefulness of micro–computed tomography for fracture detection in rabbits: 210 cases (2007–2013)

“…However, radiographic images are generally insufficient for fracture assessment and treatment planning when fractures are comminuted or involve complicated struc-Characteristics of bone fractures and usefulness of micro-computed tomography for fracture detection in rabbits: 210 cases (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) tures such as the pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. 5,6 However, CT cannot be used to detect small orthopedic lesions in smaller companion animal species such as rodents and rabbits, and the need for anesthesia to keep patients motionless during the scanning process makes CT even less suitable for these species. 3,4 Multiplanar reformation images and volumerendered 3-D images are particularly helpful in characterization of complicated anatomic abnormalities.…”

Three‐dimensional printing of orbital and peri‐orbital masses in three dogs and its potential applications in veterinary ophthalmology

“…Although not as hard as bone, it can be used to identify and practice osteotomy and ostectomy sites as well as contour metallic orthopedic implants prior to surgery. 3,4,7 Pertinent to the cases discussed in this report, there are multiple described techniques for the orbitotomy procedure in dogs, [29][30][31][32][33] and some of these, such as the modified lateral 29 and transfrontal 32 approach, require performing an osteotomy at multiple sites. Therefore, identifying and practicing the optimal surgical approach can decrease patient morbidity, surgical time, and surgical errors.…”

“…The 3D-printed object is created using a variety of materials that are added one layer at a time rather than sculpting a structure from solid material. 7,10,11 Despite its recent introduction in veterinary medicine, 3D printing has already been utilized for biomedical education 7 in addition to clinical orthopedic [3][4][5] and neurologic 7 surgery cases. The printing of 3D models is becoming increasingly more available and cost-effective, and the diagnostic tests (MRI and CT) needed for the first step in fabrication of these models are common in many veterinary specialty practices.…”

“…The newest imaging tool that has been introduced into the veterinary profession is three-dimensional (3D) printing, and this has the potential to bring a new dimension to diagnostics and surgery across all disciplines. [3][4][5][6][7] The idea of 3D printing first appeared in 1986 through a US patent filed by Charles W. Hull, 8 and since then, multiple techniques have been developed. 7,[9][10][11] A 3D print can be obtained by first acquiring a CT scan or MRI, then utilizing computer software to create a digital template for the print.…”

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog imaged with CT

“…CT examination of the long bones has been primarily used in diagnosing neoplastic bone disease (Davis and others 2002, Vanel and others 2002, Karnik and others 2012) and allows for very specific determination of tumour margins based on its cross-sectional nature. There has been limited use of this modality for diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases in the growing canine patient, but the cross-sectional nature and high resolution of bony structures lend itself favourably to the careful evaluation of the epiphyseal, physeal and metaphyseal structures, and 3D modelling allows further understanding of possible present limb deformities (Dismukes and others 2008, Meola and others 2008). Additionally, CT examination of the appendicular skeleton can be conducted concurrently with bicavity imaging, facilitating a more streamlined diagnostic plan.…”