Use of Radiography in Behavioral Studies of Turfgrass-Infesting Scarab Grub Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Villani, M. G.; Wright, Robert J.

doi:10.1093/besa/34.3.132

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Soil moisture has been shown to influence the movement patterns of grubs (Villani & Wright 1988); however, it is improbable that soil moisture played a role in these experiments. Percentage soil moisture within the soil profile was virtually symmetrical from the chamber midpoints (Table 3), although the end of the chambers containing the sod were somewhat drier than the side of the chambers containing sponges (range, 0.5-2.6%).…”

Section: Second Instarmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The addition of sponges at the ends of the microcosms opposite from the sod resulted in nearly symmetrical gradients of increasing soil moisture away from the center of the arena. Movement of the first instars of both species and early second-instar Japanese beetles within a soil profile was studied using destructive sampling, and later instars were studied with radiographic imaging (Villani & Wright 1988). Two experiments were conducted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, box plots (McGill et al 1978) were used to portray the position of Although box plots are useful tools for visualizing the distribution of a population, they provide no information on the movement of individual grubs within a population. Use of the radiographic technique makes it possible to monitor the movement of individual grubs over time (Villani & Wright 1988). To examine individual patterns of movement, we plotted the rate and direction of movement of each grub from time t to time t + 1 as a function of the position in the soil profile at time t. In this way, the movement patterns of individual grubs leading to the observed population distribution at time t + 1 could be visualized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1954, Tashiro & Gambrell 1963, Tashiro et a1. 1969, Fleming 1972, Tashiro 1987 and microcosm studies (Villani & Wright 1988), the importance of grub development on species-specific behavior of the imature stages is generally unknown,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Villani & Wright (1988) explored the effect of fluctuating soil temperature on Japanese beetle and European chafer grub movement patterns through the use of radiographic monitoring of soil-turfgrass microcosms. These studies indicated that third-instar Japanese beetles were highly responsive to changes in soil temperature, whereas European chafers were relatively insensitive to fluctuating temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Dependent Movement Patterns of Japanese Beetle and European Chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) Grubs in Soil–Turfgrass Microcosms

Villani

Nyrop

1991

Environmental Entomology

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Movement patterns of japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and European chafer, Rhizotrogus (Amphimallon) majalis (Razoumowsky),grubs as influenced by gravity, host plant position, and external disturbances were studied in laboratory soil-turfgrass microcosms. Second through third instars just before pupation were monitored using radiographic techniques. Neonates were monitored using destructive sampling. Results demonstrate significantly different movement patterns between species and among age groups. The development stage of the grub had a large effect on japanese beetle grub behavior and a measurable, but lesser effect, on European chafers. All larval stages of European chafers and all larval stages of japanese beetle, except neonates and postoverwintering third instars, displayed a downward movement in response to disturbance. Neonate japanese beetles showed little movement while postoverwintering. japanese beetles moved upward when disturbed. European chafer grubs of all age classes displayed random vertical movement with some arrestment in or near sod. Preoverwintering and postoverwintering third-instar chafers showed less dramatic arrestment behavior than other instars tested. Second-instar japanese beetles behaved similarly to European chafers; however, third instars behaved very differently. All third instars except those tested in late winter and early spring showed some innate downward movement in the soil microcosms. japanese beetles tested in late winter displayed random movement with some arrestment in sod, whereas those tested in early spring exhibited upward movement and arrestment in sod.

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Section: Second Instarmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%