Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis

Kruskal, William; Wallis, W. Allen

doi:10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441

Cited by 9,173 publications

(4,724 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Repeating this procedure, sampling different numbers of SNPs (i.e. 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400), the accuracy for classification was tested using a Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (Kruskal and Wallis, 1952), to evaluate if any increment in accuracy was significant. These results are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penalized classification for optimal statistical selection of markers from high-throughput genotyping: application in sheep breeds

Sottile

Sardina

Mastrangelo

et al. 2018

Animal

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The identification of individuals' breed of origin has several practical applications in livestock and is useful in different biological contexts such as conservation genetics, breeding and authentication of animal products. In this paper, penalized multinomial regression was applied to identify the minimum number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from high-throughput genotyping data for individual assignment to dairy sheep breeds reared in Sicily. The combined use of penalized multinomial regression and stability selection reduced the number of SNPs required to 48. A final validation step on an independent population was carried out obtaining 100% correctly classified individuals. The results using independent analysis, such as admixture, F st , principal component analysis and random forest, confirmed the ability of these methods in selecting distinctive markers. The identified SNPs may constitute a starting point for the development of a SNP based identification test as a tool for breed assignment and traceability of animal products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penalized classification for optimal statistical selection of markers from high-throughput genotyping: application in sheep breeds

Sottile

Sardina

Mastrangelo

et al. 2018

Animal

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“…Mycorrhizal parameters, biometrical data and phosphorus content values were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (Kruskal 1952;Kruskal and Wallis 1952). The statistical significance was assessed at the 95 % level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gr and hp-1 tomato mutants unveil unprecedented interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and fruit ripening

Chialva

Zouari

Salvioli

et al. 2016

Planta

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Main conclusion Systemic responses to an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus reveal opposite phenological patterns in two tomato ripening mutants depending whether ethylene or light reception is involved. The availability of tomato ripening mutants has revealed many aspects of the genetics behind fleshy fruit ripening, plant hormones and light signal reception. Since previous analyses revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis influences tomato berry ripening, we wanted to test the hypothesis that an interplay might occur between root symbiosis and fruit ripening. With this aim, we screened seven tomato mutants affected in the ripening process for their responsiveness to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae. Following their phenological responses we selected two mutants for a deeper analysis: Green ripe (Gr), deficient in fruit ethylene perception and high-pigment-1 (hp-1), displaying enhanced light signal perception throughout the plant. We investigated the putative interactions between ripening processes, mycorrhizal establishment and systemic effects using biochemical and gene expression tools. Our experiments showed that both mutants, notwithstanding a normal mycorrhizal phenotype at root level, exhibit altered arbuscule functionality. Furthermore, in contrast to wild type, mycorrhization did not lead to a higher phosphate concentration in berries of both mutants. These results suggest that the mutations considered interfere with arbuscular mycorrhiza inducing systemic changes in plant phenology and fruits metabolism. We hypothesize a cross talk mechanism between AM and ripening processes that involves genes related to ethylene and light signaling.

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“…Since most variables did not comply with normal Gaussian distribution as determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 18,19 a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test 20 or Kruskal-Wallis test 21 was applied in order to compare independent samples of continuous variables. All p-values were based on 2-sided tests and the threshold to accept statistical significance was set at the alpha level 0.05.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCR4 expression reflects tumor progression and regulates motility of bladder cancer cells

Retz

Sidhu

Blaveri

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder remains life threatening due to the high occurrence of metastases. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in tumor metastases. In our study, we performed a systematic analysis of the mRNA and protein expression levels of all 18 chemokine receptors in normal urothelium and bladder cancer. CXCR4 was the only chemokine receptor whose mRNA expression level was upregulated in bladder cancer cell lines as well as in invasive and locally advanced bladder cancer tissue samples (pT2-pT4). In contrast, superficial bladder tumors (pTa and pT1) displayed low CXCR4 expression levels and normal urothelial cells were negative for CXCR4. Immunohistochemistry of a bladder cancer tissue microarray (TMA) confirmed that a subgroup of invasive bladder cancers revealed a high CXCR4 protein expression, while superficial bladder tumors showed low immunoreactivity. To investigate the functional significance of CXCR4 expression, we performed migration and invasion assays. Exposure of CXCR4-positive bladder cancer cells to CXCL12 in a Boyden chamber type assay provoked a significant increase in migration as well as invasion across a Matrigel barrier. Enhanced migration and invasion were inhibited by a CXCR4-specific blocking antibody. In contrast, normal urothelial cells did not respond to CXCL12 and lacked chemotactic migration. In conclusion, bladder cancer cells express CXCR4 progressively with advanced tumorigenesis and this receptor interacts with CXCL12 to mediate tumor chemotaxis and invasion through connective tissue. These properties identify CXCR4 as a potential target for the attenuation of bladder cancer metastases. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: chemokine; bladder cancer; metastasis; migration; invasion Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the most frequent tumor of the urinary tract. Despite advances in early detection and therapy, bladder cancer remains life threatening due to the high occurrence of metastases. Radical cystectomy is the preferred treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the United States, Japan and some countries of Europe. However, at least 50% of patients with locally advanced disease are expected to develop systemic progression within 3 years. 1 Patients suffering from metastatic bladder cancer are commonly treated with systemic chemotherapy. Analyzing survival rates from standard chemotherapy schedules such as M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin), results are more or less discouraging. In the Loehrer trial, only 5 of 133 (3.7%) of the patients randomized to M-VAC were alive at the 6-year follow-up time. These results indicate that patients with systemic metastases continue to be incurable by chemotherapy. 2,3 Despite the fact that it is the metastases rather than the primary tumors that cause most cancer deaths, there has been little progress in identifying drugs to specifically block metastases.Metastasis is not a simple phenomenon, but a highly organized process com...

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Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis

Cited by 9,173 publications

References 39 publications

Penalized classification for optimal statistical selection of markers from high-throughput genotyping: application in sheep breeds

Penalized classification for optimal statistical selection of markers from high-throughput genotyping: application in sheep breeds

Gr and hp-1 tomato mutants unveil unprecedented interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and fruit ripening

CXCR4 expression reflects tumor progression and regulates motility of bladder cancer cells

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