Use of Real-time PCR to Detect Canine Parvovirus in Feces of Free-ranging Wolves

Mech, L. David; Almberg, Emily S.; Smith, Douglas W.; Goyal, Sagar M.; Singer, Randall S.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.473

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first survey for CDV in Portuguese wolves using noninvasive fecal sampling, further establishing a reliable new tool for CDV surveillance in this species, as previously carried out in Spain (Millán et al., ) or for parvoviruses in Yellowstone National park (Mech, Almberg, Smith, Goyal, & Singer, ). Although shedding of CDV is thought to occur mainly in oronasal exudates, the virus replicates widely in lymphoid and epithelial tissues, including the gastrointestinal system (Deem, Ph, Dipl, Spelman, & Dipl, ; Williams & Barker, ), so fecal shedding is not unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Viral gut metagenomics of sympatric wild and domestic canids, and monitoring of viruses: Insights from an endangered wolf population

Conceição-Neto

Godinho

Álvares

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Animal host-microbe interactions are a relevant concern for wildlife conservation, particularly regarding generalist pathogens, where domestic host species can play a role in the transmission of infectious agents, such as viruses, to wild animals. Knowledge on viral circulation in wild host species is still scarce and can be improved by the recent advent of modern molecular approaches. We aimed to characterize the fecal virome and identify viruses of potential conservation relevance of diarrheic free-ranging wolves and sympatric domestic dogs from Central Portugal, where a small and threatened wolf population persists in a highly anthropogenically modified landscape. Using viral metagenomics, we screened diarrheic stools collected from wolves (n = 8), feral dogs (n = 4), and pet dogs (n = 6), all collected within wolf range. We detected novel highly divergent viruses as well as known viral pathogens with established effects on population dynamics, including canine distemper virus, a novel bocavirus, and canine minute virus. Furthermore, we performed a 4-year survey for the six wolf packs comprising this endangered wolf population, screening 93 fecal samples from 36 genetically identified wolves for canine distemper virus and the novel bocavirus, previously identified using our metagenomics approach. Our novel approach using metagenomics for viral screening in noninvasive samples of wolves and dogs has profound

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Viral gut metagenomics of sympatric wild and domestic canids, and monitoring of viruses: Insights from an endangered wolf population

Conceição-Neto

Godinho

Álvares

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This report presents the first description of CPV-2b DNA in tissue fragments from a free-living crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), considered to be a common Brazilian wild species that travels in packs, is not vaccinated, and usually lives near inhabited places to obtain food. CPV-2 is the etiological agent of one of the most important infectious diseases affecting young dogs [26][27][28] and other members of the Canidae family worldwide [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of canine parvovirus 2b DNA in a crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)

et al. 2020

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The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a small wild mammal present in all Brazilian biomes and in some countries of South America. This study aimed to verify the involvement of viral infectious agents in the death of a wild crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil. The Center for Medicine and Research of Wild Animals of the Universidade Estadual Paulista received a free-living crab-eating fox aged approximately 21 days and apparently healthy. After 13 days, the animal presented anorexia, diarrhea, fever, prostration, and neurological signs progressing to death with an inconclusive diagnosis. In a retrospective study, tissue fragments stored at − 80°C were used to identify nucleic acids from major canine viruses, such as canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), canine adenovirus A types 1 and 2, canid alphaherpesvirus 1, and canine distemper virus. The amplified product with the expected length for CPV-2 was obtained from the heart fragment. After performing nucleotide (nt) sequencing of the amplicon, it was possible to demonstrate that the crab-eating fox strain exhibited high (99.8%) nt identity with the CPV-2b prototype (CPV-39 strain). Additionally, deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis showed the GAT codon for the aa Asp (D) at position 426 of the CPV-2 viral protein VP2, which characterizes the subtype 2b. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report describes the first detection of CPV-2b DNA in tissue fragments from a crab-eating fox.

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“…That is, the implication of coprophagy within or between taxonomic groups (i.e., felids and canids) extends into other ecological questions, including potential avenues for parasite and disease transmission. As the boundary between wild and domestic populations becomes blurred, coprophagy may influence the spread of viruses (e.g., canine parvovirus) 85 , 86 that are intermittently shed into feces or parasites that have animals as definitive hosts (e.g., echinococcus) 87 , 88 . However, coprophagy can cause confusion on true positive versus false positive infections, with the latter capturing parasite eggs that were ingested versus naturally shed 53 , 89 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Behavior of Nontarget Species Affects Perceived Accuracy of Scat Detection Dog Surveys

DeMatteo

Blake

Young

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Detection dogs, specially trained domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), have become a valuable, noninvasive, conservation tool because they remove the dependence of attracting species to a particular location. Further, detection dogs locate samples independent of appearance, composition, or visibility allowing researchers to collect large sets of unbiased samples that can be used in complex ecological queries. One question not fully addressed is why samples from nontarget species are inadvertently collected during detection dog surveys. While a common explanation has been incomplete handler or dog training, our study aimed to explore alternative explanations. Our trials demonstrate that a scat’s genetic profile can be altered by interactions of nontarget species with target scat via urine-marking, coprophagy, and moving scats with their mouths, all pathways to contamination by nontarget species’ DNA. Because detection dogs are trained to locate odor independent of masking, the collection of samples with a mixed olfactory profile (target and nontarget) is possible. These scats will likely have characteristics of target species’ scats and are therefore only discovered faulty once genetic results indicate a nontarget species. While the collection of nontarget scats will not impact research conclusions so long as samples are DNA tested, we suggest ways to minimize their collection and associated costs.

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Use of Real-time PCR to Detect Canine Parvovirus in Feces of Free-ranging Wolves

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Viral gut metagenomics of sympatric wild and domestic canids, and monitoring of viruses: Insights from an endangered wolf population

Viral gut metagenomics of sympatric wild and domestic canids, and monitoring of viruses: Insights from an endangered wolf population

First detection of canine parvovirus 2b DNA in a crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)

How Behavior of Nontarget Species Affects Perceived Accuracy of Scat Detection Dog Surveys

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