Use of red ochre by early Neandertals

Roebroeks, Wil; Sier, Mark J.; Nielsen, Trine Kellberg; Loecker, Dimitri De; Parés, Josep M.; Arps, C. E. S.; Mücher, H. J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1112261109

Cited by 244 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Stalagmite tips served as containers in which ochre was stored and crushed into a pigment. Pigments are relatively frequent at Mousterian sites (Roebroeks et al 2012(Roebroeks et al .1889Neruda 2016.251), but it is still not known how the Neanderthals used them. Finds of pigments do not necessarily indicate symbolic behaviour, since they can be used for solely practical purposes (Petru 2008.12-13 with references).…”

Section: Neanderthalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I remember. Differences between the Neanderthal and modern human mind

Petru

2017

Doc. praeh.

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Section: Neanderthalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I remember. Differences between the Neanderthal and modern human mind

Petru

2017

Doc. praeh.

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“…Another rubbed hematite piece has been found at a site in Achenheim, France, and was used about 250 ka ago (Thévenin 1976) [160]. Hematite remains excavated with lithics at Maastricht-Belvédère, Holland, must have been transported some distance and were deposited about the same time (Roebroeks et al 2012) [150]. Then, there is the apparently shaped slab of ochre Howell (1966: 129) [104] reported from the major Acheulian site of Ambrona in Spain.…”

Section: Lower Paleolithic Paleoartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene Paleoart of Europe

Bednarik¹

2014

Arts

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As in Australia, Pleistocene rock art is relatively abundant in Europe, but it has so far received much more attention than the combined Ice Age paleoart of the rest of the world. Since archaeology initially rejected its authenticity for several decades, the cave art of France and Spain and the portable paleoart from various regions of Europe have been the subjects of thousands of studies. It is shown, however, that much of the published information is unreliable and subjective, and that fundamental trends in the evidence have been misunderstood. In particular, the data implies that the paleoart of the Early Upper Paleolithic, the work of robust humans such as Neanderthals, is considerably more sophisticated and developed that that of more recent times. Thus, the European paleoart demonstrates that the teleological model of cultural "evolution" is false, which is to be expected because evolution is purely dysteleological. This is confirmed by the extensive record of pre-Upper Paleolithic European paleoart, which is comprehensively reviewed in this paper.

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“…Should the Terra Amata claim for deliberate abrasion be confirmed by further analysis, it would take pigment use back to either MIS 9.3 (~322-335 ka) or MIS 11.3 (~395-425 ka), both representing peak interglacial conditions (see Falguères et al 1991 for dating estimates, Valensi 2001 for faunal and palynological references). A more secure claim, but lacking evidence of use-wear, comes from Maastricht-Belvédère, dating to either MIS 9 or MIS 7 (Roebroeks et al 2012 blage level analyses are available for six sites: Pech I, Arcysur-Cure, Caminade Est, Cueva Antón, Cueva de los Aviones, and Cioarei-Borsteni. The triple requirement for deep sequences, adequate information on the pigments, together with paleoenvironmental indices and/or chronometric dating, greatly reduces the pool of potential test-sites.…”

Section: Correlating Neanderthal Pigmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2013

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Reproductive synchrony or desynchrony of primate females influences number and fitness of males in mating systems. Langur monkey populations provide a natural experiment for observing alternative female strategies of confusing or concentrating paternity. Where females escape seasonal reproductive constraints, they desynchronize fertility and show visible cues (menstruation), enabling single males to monopolize matings. This increases female fitness by reducing food competition. Where langurs are seasonally constrained, females conceal fertility, confusing paternity and reducing infanticide. These case studies illuminate how hominin females could increase male numbers and investment. Fitness payoffs to male investors will be affected by degree of reproductive seasonal constraint, and by females either concealing or confusing menstrual cues of imminent fertility. Among ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals these strategies diverged. Under pressure of encephalization, modern human female ancestors, less seasonally constrained, pursued a strategy of cosmeticization of menstrual signals. This Female Cosmetic Coalitions model accounts for the African Middle Stone Age record of pigment use. Among Neanderthals, strategies alternated. Severe seasonality during glacial cycles tied Neanderthal males into pair-bonds, suppressing cosmetic signaling. Only during interglacials when seasonality relaxed would Neanderthal females require blood-red cosmetics. Our Seasonality Thermostat model explains why European ochre use correlates with climate through the Middle to Late Pleistocene. INTRODUCTION There is a growing consensus that evolving Homo mothers relied on cooperative breeding to raise larger-bodied, larger-brained offspring (e.g., Aiello and Key 2002;Barrickman et al. 2008;Burkart et al. 2009;Robson and Wood 2008;Shultz et al. 2012;van Schaik et al. 2006 Models for cultural levels of human cooperation (Boyd and Richerson 1992, 2005Gintis et al. 2003;Henrich and Boyd 2001;Henrich et al. 2003Henrich et al. , 2006Nowak and Sigmund 2005;Richerson et al. 2003), invoke multilevel and group selection processes, but ignore what is most difficult to explain-how to secure cooperation between the sexes, given the trade-off between investing in current offspring versus future mating opportunities (cf. Bowles 2006). One game theory model (Key 1998(Key , 2000 incorporated the differences of reproductive energetic costs to specify conditions for the evolution of cooperation that can be practically applied to the fossil record. Yet even these conditions do not identify how females induced males to subsidize their reproduction (Kaplan et al. 2000;Marlowe 2001). Recent models (Gavrilets 2012) highlight the difficulty of shifting from systems of significant male mating competition into productive male investment, where males face a social dilemma of ceding fitness advantage to free-riding rivals.If we can define the mechanisms available to Homo females giving them leverage against male defection through the Early to Middle Plei...

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Use of red ochre by early Neandertals

Cited by 244 publications

References 17 publications

I remember. Differences between the Neanderthal and modern human mind

I remember. Differences between the Neanderthal and modern human mind

Pleistocene Paleoart of Europe

Untitled

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