Use of Reduced Gravity Simulators for Plant Biological Studies

Herranz, Raúl; Valbuena, Miguel A.; Manzano, Aránzazu; Kamal, Khaled Y.; Villacampa, Alicia; Ciska, Malgorzata; Loon, Jack J. W. A. van; Medina, F. Javier

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_16

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It became apparent that the gravitropic response and adaptation to mechanical or touch stimulus are challenging to dissect ( Figures 1A, B ) ( Massa and Gilroy, 2003 ; Najrana and Sanchez-Esteban, 2016 ; Yan et al., 2018 ; Tojo et al., 2021 ). It requires exposing plants to microgravity in special centrifuges on earth or by performing experiments during spaceflights ( Vandenbrink et al., 2014 ; Najrana and Sanchez-Esteban, 2016 ; Muthert et al., 2020 ; Chin and Blancaflor, 2022 ; Herranz et al., 2022 ). Experimental setups that combined the testing of responses to direct root illumination under microgravity, showed that reduced gravity led to a decrease of meristem activity, as well altered phototropic responses, which is reversible when gravity is re-established ( Valbuena et al., 2018 ; Herranz et al., 2019 ; Villacampa et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Root Tropism and Directional Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into metabolic and signalling events of directional root growth regulation and its implications for sustainable crop production systems

Retzer

Weckwerth

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Roots are sensors evolved to simultaneously respond to manifold signals, which allow the plant to survive. Root growth responses, including the modulation of directional root growth, were shown to be differently regulated when the root is exposed to a combination of exogenous stimuli compared to an individual stress trigger. Several studies pointed especially to the impact of the negative phototropic response of roots, which interferes with the adaptation of directional root growth upon additional gravitropic, halotropic or mechanical triggers. This review will provide a general overview of known cellular, molecular and signalling mechanisms involved in directional root growth regulation upon exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, we summarise recent experimental approaches to dissect which root growth responses are regulated upon which individual trigger. Finally, we provide a general overview of how to implement the knowledge gained to improve plant breeding.

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Section: Root Tropism and Directional Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into metabolic and signalling events of directional root growth regulation and its implications for sustainable crop production systems

Retzer

Weckwerth

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Magnetic gravity compensation or levitation reduces the force of gravity at each point on an object (Nikolayev et al, 2011). For a biological sample such as a cell, this means not only is gravity reduced on the cell wall or membrane but also at all points inside the cell, including the organelles or nucleus and down to the molecular level (Herranz et al, 2022). This simulation requires the sample to be placed in a strong magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This simulation requires the sample to be placed in a strong magnetic field. Biological samples predominantly consist of water, and hence a magnetic field can generate a diamagnetic force from the sample that is equivalent and in the opposite direction to the force of gravity (Herranz et al, 2022). This compensates for gravity and simulates weightlessness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an inexpensive 3D clinostat and comparison with other microgravity simulators using Mycobacterium marinum

Clary

France

Lind

et al. 2022

Front. Space Technol.

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2D and 3D Clinostats are used to simulate microgravity on Earth. These machines continuously alter the sample’s orientation, so the acceleration vector changes faster than the biological endpoint being monitored. Two commercially available microgravity simulators are the Rotary Cell Culture System (Synthecon Inc.), which is a 2D clinostat, and the RPM 2.0 (Yuri), which is a 3D clinostat that can operate as a random positioning machine or in constant frame velocity mode. We have developed an inexpensive 3D clinostat that can be 3D printed and assembled easily. To determine the optimal combination of inner (I) and outer (O) frame velocities to simulate microgravity, two factors were considered: the time-averaged magnitude and the distribution of the acceleration vector. A computer model was developed to predict the acceleration vector for combinations of frame velocities between 0.125 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 4 rpm, and a combination of I = 1.5 rpm and O = 3.875 rpm was predicted to produce the best microgravity simulation. Two other frame velocity combinations were also used in further tests: I = 0.75 rpm and O = 3.625 rpm, and I = 2 rpm and O = 1.125 rpm. By operating the RPM 2.0 in constant velocity mode at these three velocity combinations, the RPM 2.0 algorithm data confirmed that these operating conditions simulated microgravity. Mycobacterium marinum was selected for biological comparison experiments as this bacterium can grow as a biofilm or a planktonic culture. Biofilm experiments revealed that the RPM 2.0 and the 3D clinostat with I = 1.5 rpm and O = 3.825 rpm produced similar structures in attached biofilm, and similar changes in transcriptome for the bacteria in suspension compared to the normal gravity transcriptome. Operating the 3D clinostat at I = 2 rpm and O = 1.125 rpm, and the Synthecon 2D clinostat in simulated microgravity orientation at 25 rpm resulted in the same decreased planktonic growth and increased rifampicin survival compared to normal gravity. This study validates the inexpensive 3D clinostat and demonstrates the importance of testing the operating conditions of lab-developed clinostats with biological experiments.

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Advanced Systems and Bioreactors for Large-Scale Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants Using Suspension Cultured Cells

Xu,

2024

Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Plants

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Use of Reduced Gravity Simulators for Plant Biological Studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Recent insights into metabolic and signalling events of directional root growth regulation and its implications for sustainable crop production systems

Recent insights into metabolic and signalling events of directional root growth regulation and its implications for sustainable crop production systems

Development of an inexpensive 3D clinostat and comparison with other microgravity simulators using Mycobacterium marinum

Advanced Systems and Bioreactors for Large-Scale Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants Using Suspension Cultured Cells

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