Use of rice husks as potential filler in styrene butadiene rubber/linear low density polyethylene blends in the presence of maleic anhydride

Khalf, A. I.; Ward, Azza A.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.056

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most polymer melts, being hydrophobic and highly viscous, do not wet the filler surface effectively. This leads to incompatibility and a poorly formed interface between the polymer and filler [16,17]. Coupling or compatibilizing agents have been used to improve dispersion, adhesion and compatibility between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice husk ash – A valuable reinforcement for high density polyethylene

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice husk ash – A valuable reinforcement for high density polyethylene

et al. 2012

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“…For the compatibilized blend the fine dispersion of EPS phase in the NR matrix alters the crack path giving resistance to crack propagation. In compatibilized blend a more uniform distribution, size reduction and less pull out of the minor phase are found [12]. The unidirectional ripples present in the SEM of compatibilized blend are an indication of compatibility between the components [42].…”

Section: Morphological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The addition of the compatibiliser also enhances the favourable interactions at the interface. The interfacial tension reduces thereby improving adhesion between the components as well as between the filler and the polymer matrix which enhances the tensile strength of the blends [12,15]. Moreover, it has been reported that silica filled NR shows better properties on MA grafting [36].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is observed that tensile properties of the blends at higher MA concentrations decrease. This may be due to an excess of MA at the interface which creates an energetically unbalanced design [12]. This will affect the interfacial adhesion between the components.…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in improved interfacial adhesion and physical properties [10][11][12]. Grafting reactions could induce significant changes in the polymer chain relating to chemical composition, polymer chain structure and molecular mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of waste expanded polystyrene: Blends with silica-filled natural rubber

Sekharan¹,

Abraham²,

Thachil³

2012

Materials & Design

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a b s t r a c tExpanded polystyrene (EPS) constitutes a considerable part of thermoplastic waste in the environment in terms of volume. In this study, this waste material has been utilized for blending with silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR). The NR/EPS (35/5) blends were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender Plasticorder. Since NR and EPS are incompatible and immiscible a method has been devised to improve compatibility. For this, EPS and NR were initially grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to give a graft copolymer. Grafting was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. This grafted blend was subsequently blended with more of NR during mill compounding. Morphological studies using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed better dispersion of EPS in the compatibilized blend compared to the noncompatibilized blend. By this technique, the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tear strength, compression set and hardness of the blend were found to be either at par with or better than that of virgin silica filled NR compound. It is also noted that the thermal properties of the blends are equivalent with that of virgin NR. The study establishes the potential of this method for utilising waste EPS.

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