Use of Salivary Osmolality to Assess Dehydration

Smith, Denise L.; Shalmiyeva, Inga; DeBlois, Jacob P.; Winke, Molly

doi:10.3109/10903127.2011.614044

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In specific clinical conditions, such as hypertonic–hypervolemia dehydration, the sensitivity of salivary osmolality is nearly equal to the osmolality of urine in reflecting fluid status [ 35 ]. Currently, salivary osmolality may be a good biomarker for the evaluation of body fluid status [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Portable Biodevice to Monitor Salivary Conductivity for the Rapid Assessment of Fluid Status

Chen

Lee

et al. 2021

JPM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evaluation of fluid status can save adults from life-threatening conditions, but the current methods are invasive or time-consuming. Therefore, we developed a portable device for measuring salivary conductivity. This prospective observational study enrolled 20 volunteers with no history of systemic diseases. Participants were observed for 13 h, including water restriction for 12 h followed by rehydration with 1000 mL water within 1 h. Serum and urine biomarkers for fluid status, thirst scales, and salivary conductivity were collected during dehydration and rehydration. No significant differences in age, body mass index, glycohemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were noted between sexes. Salivary conductivity increased after water restriction and decreased after rehydration. Similarly, urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, thirst intensity scales, and body weight followed the same trend and were statistically significant. The angiotensin-converting enzyme and aldosterone levels showed the same trend, without reaching statistical significance. The red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration also followed the same trend. Analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve was 0.707 (95% confidence interval 0.542–0.873, p = 0.025). Using the Youden index, the optimal cutoff determined as 2678.09 μs/cm (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 55%). This biodevice effectively screened dehydration among healthy adults.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Portable Biodevice to Monitor Salivary Conductivity for the Rapid Assessment of Fluid Status

Chen

Lee

et al. 2021

JPM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of the ease and innocuousness of saliva collection, especially for children, it has been recommended to exhaustively pursue its potential utility in field diagnosis [29]. In a survey of the salivary-cytokine literature, we find that the majority involve local conditions arising close to the salivary glands, such as oral inflammation [30,31] or head neck or oral, cancer [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Circulating, Plasmatic, Salivary and Intraluminal Anatomical Compartments in Apparently Healthy Preschool Children from the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Soto-Méndez¹,

Romero-Abal²,

Aguilera

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundUndernutrition and inflammation are related in many ways; for instance, non-hygienic environments are associated with both poor growth and immunostimulation in children.ObjectiveTo describe any existing interaction among different inflammation biomarkers measured in the distinct anatomical compartments of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva.MethodsIn this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva were collected on the 8th and last week of observation among 87 attendees (42 girls and 45 boys) of 3 daycare centers offering a common 40-day rotating menu in Guatemala’s Western Highlands. Analyses included white blood cell count (WBC), fecal calprotectin, and plasmatic and salivary cytokines including IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α. Associations were assessed using Spearman rank-order and goodness-of-fit correlations, as indicated, followed by backwards-elimination multiple regression analyses to determine predictor variables for IL-10 in both anatomical compartments.ResultsOf a total of 66 cross-tabulations in the Spearman hemi-matrix, 22 (33%) were significantly associated. All 10 paired associations among the salivary cytokines had a significant r value, whereas 7 of 10 possible associations among plasma cytokines were significant. Associations across anatomical compartments, however, were rarely significant. IL-10 in both biological fluids were higher than corresponding reference values. When a multiple regression model was run in order to determine independent predictors for IL-10 in each anatomical compartment separately, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α emerged as predictors in plasma (r2 = 0.514) and IL-1B, IL-8 and TNF-α remained as independent predictors in saliva (r2 = 0.762). Significant cross-interactions were seen with WBC, but not with fecal calprotectin.ConclusionInteractions ranged from robust within the same anatomical compartment to limited to nil across distinct anatomical compartments. The prominence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in both plasma and saliva is consistent with its counter-regulatory role facing a broad front of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the same compartment.

show abstract

“…UOsm is used to determine the quantity of dissolved particles per unit volume of water in urine and is representative of hydration [7, 44, 46]. SOsm is a measure of the quantity of solutes present in the saliva, and is used to evaluate hydration [46–48]. Using the passive drool technique, participants swallowed to clear their oral cavity, remained seated with their mouth closed, and did not swallow for two minutes while collecting saliva, which was then disposed into a collection vial via a plastic straw.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehydrating efficacy of maple water after exercise-induced dehydration

Matias

Dudar

Kauzlaric

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dehydration impairs physiological function and physical performance, thus understanding effective rehydration strategies is paramount. Despite growing interest in natural rehydrating beverages, no study has examined maple water (MW).PurposeTo investigate the rehydrating efficacy of MW after exercise-induced dehydration.MethodsUsing a single-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, we compared the rehydrating efficacy of MW vs. maple-flavored bottled water (control) in 26 young healthy (22 ± 4 yrs., 24 ± 4 kg/m2) males (n = 13) and females (n = 13) after exercise-induced dehydration (~ 2.0%ΔBody Weight [BW]) in the heat (30 °C, 50% relative humidity [RH]). Hydration indicators (BW, salivary and urine osmolality [SOsm/UOsm], urine specific gravity [USG], urine volume [UV], urine color [UC]), thirst, fatigue, and recovery (heart rate [HR)], and HR variability [HRV]) were taken at baseline, post-exercise, 0.5, 1, and 2 h post-consumption of 1 L of MW or control.ResultsFollowing similar dehydration (~ 2%ΔBW), MW had no differential (p > 0.05) impact on any measure of rehydration. Likely due to greater beverage osmolality (81 ± 1.4 vs. 11 ± 0.7 mOsmol/kg), thirst sensation remained 12% higher with MW (p < 0.05). When sex was considered, females had lower UV, elevated UOsm (p < 0.05), trends for higher ΔBW, USG, but similar SOsm. Analysis of beverages and urine for antioxidant potential (AP) revealed a four-fold greater AP in MW, which increased peak urine AP (9.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.6 ± 1.0 mmol, MW vs. control, p < 0.05).ConclusionElectrolyte-containing MW, was similar in effectiveness to water, but has antioxidant properties. Furthermore, trends for sex differences were discovered in urinary, but not salivary, hydration markers, with discrepancies in kinetics between fluid compartments both warranting further study.

show abstract

Use of Salivary Osmolality to Assess Dehydration

Abstract: Salivary osmolality may be a sensitive indicator of moderate dehydration under carefully controlled conditions.

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

A Portable Biodevice to Monitor Salivary Conductivity for the Rapid Assessment of Fluid Status

A Portable Biodevice to Monitor Salivary Conductivity for the Rapid Assessment of Fluid Status

Associations among Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Circulating, Plasmatic, Salivary and Intraluminal Anatomical Compartments in Apparently Healthy Preschool Children from the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Rehydrating efficacy of maple water after exercise-induced dehydration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About