Use of Scrapped Rubber Tires for Sustainable Construction of Manhole Covers

Khan, Sadaqat Ullah; Ahmed, Ashfaq; Ali, Sajjad; Ayub, Ayesha; Shuja, Ahmed; Shahid, Muhammad Ahsan

doi:10.32604/jrm.2021.014344

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the SCC is considered a quasi-brittle material due to the compact microstructure that yields unsatisfactory/poor strength [15]. This behavior might increase when industrial waste is added NDT 2024, 2 161 due to the flowability certainty and concrete heterogeneity [16][17][18][19]. Additionally, since vehicle numbers and traffic density have increased significantly in recent years, another concrete type named roller compacted concrete (RCC) was developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Special Rubberized Concrete Types Utilizing Portable Non-Destructive Tests

El-Nemr,

Shaaban

2024

NDT

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Concrete is the second most common material demanded over the world. Recently, a trending issue is the vast tracking in constructing infrastructure to ensure traffic movement and life quality. Concrete types such as self and rolled compacted concrete offer magical solutions ensuring vast infrastructure and life quality. However, these structures must be assessed using non-destructive testing methods to observe the difference between the concrete types. Several studies have used recycled waste, specifically the crumb rubber extracted from old tires, as a potential replacement for natural aggregate in concrete manufacturing. However, limited research has been devoted to nondestructive testing of produced concrete to further evaluate existing concrete elements containing crumb rubber. This study investigates the self and rolled compacted concrete in comparison with normal ones, in addition to using chopped rubber as recycled materials. This study examines the concrete manufactured destructively by evaluating its compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, in addition to impact resistance, and correlates those results with the non-destructive such as Schmit hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse (UPV) for extended utilization of the concrete produced and data publication. The results showed unique performance and a high potential for data contribution to the extensive utilization of self-compacted rubberized concrete and rolled compacted concrete.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Special Rubberized Concrete Types Utilizing Portable Non-Destructive Tests

El-Nemr,

Shaaban

2024

NDT

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“…Each year, about 19 million tons of tyres are produced, and it is expected that, in 2024, this figure could reach up to 23 million tons [1]. At the end of a tyre's service limit, it becomes substantial rubber waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research and Transfer Matrix Method for Analysis of Transmission Loss in Multilayer Constructions with Devulcanized Waste Rubber

Vilniškis,

Januševičius

2023

Sustainability

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According to circular economy principles, the recycling and reuse of tyre rubber waste are among the most advanced and ecological waste disposal technologies. Each year, about 19 million tons of tyres are produced, and this number increases every year. One of the most innovative ways to recycle rubber waste is devulcanization. There are many methods of rubber devulcanization, but the most popular is chemical devulcanization. Also, pre-process treatment is important before devulcanization. In this article, devulcanized rubber granules were used for the preparation of rubber samples. Two of the samples were obtained via the grinding method and one via chemical devulcanization. In total, 15 different rubber samples were produced for experimental measurements. Multilayer constructions, with two solid layers of plasterboard on both sides (GKB (a standard gypsum board) and GKFI (an enhanced-strength and surface-hardness gypsum board)) and the porous acoustic material of the rubber sample inside, were produced. Measurements were made in an impedance tube and compared with the results of a transfer matrix method (TMM) analysis. The same trends of resonant frequencies were determined. According to the results, the resonant frequencies depended on the thickness of the material, since transmission loss (TL) values depended on the mass of the construction. According to the test results of transmission loss, constructions with 50 mm thick rubber samples had results that were, on average, 3 dB better than those of structures with 25 mm thick samples and 5 dB better than those of structures with 12 mm thick rubber samples. In addition, it was found that higher-density plasterboards (GKFI) increased the overall transmission loss value of the structure by 5 dB. The same trends were determined using the TMM method. The test results showed that multilayered constructions with devulcanized waste rubber had high transmission loss results and could be used for sound-insulating structures.

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Use of recycled rubber in carbon black as a filler in ternary blends of NR/BR/SBR for the automotive tire industry

Jovanović,

Samaržija‐Jovanović,

Jovanović

et al. 2024

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This work aims to find the optimal ratio of recycled rubber (RR) in carbon black (CB)/RR filler and determine its influence on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and activation energy of ternary rubber based on polyisoprene (natural rubber [NR]), polybutadiene (butadiene rubber [BR]), and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) with a constant ratio of 40/40/20 parts per 100 of rubber (phr). The filler used was N330 (60 phr) and a mixture of CB/RR filler in the following proportions: 55/5, 50/10, and 40/20 phr. The activation energy of the examined samples was determined by the rheometric method. The samples were subjected to thermo‐oxidative (at 100°C after 168 h) and γ‐radiation aging (200 kGy). Hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break were evaluated before and after thermo‐oxidative and γ‐radiation aging. SEM, attenuated total reflectance fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), and TG/DTG techniques were used to characterize NR/BR/SBR composites.The results show that the most optimal CB/RR ratio is 55/5 phr, which is confirmed by the mechanical properties before and after aging and the results for the activation energies of cross‐linking and reversion. The thermal stability of the composite containing 60 phr of the CB and the composite reinforced with 5 phr of the RR in CB/RR filler is almost the same.The results of this research may be applicable in the automotive tire industry since NR/BR/SBR composites are used for automotive tire treads. Another benefit of this research is that the partial replacement of CB with RR contributes to the reduction of tire waste, and thus to the preservation of environmental protection.Highlights Rubber composite NR/BR/SBR = 40/40/20 phr reinforced with CB/RR filler The amount of RR in the CB/RR filler has been changed to 5, 10 and 20 phr The lowest value for Eac has the sample containing filler CB/RR = 55/5 phr The most thermally stable sample is the sample with 5 phr RR in CB/RR filler RR (5 phr) can be applied in CB/RR filler to reinforce NR/BR/SBR composites

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Use of Scrapped Rubber Tires for Sustainable Construction of Manhole Covers

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of Special Rubberized Concrete Types Utilizing Portable Non-Destructive Tests

Assessment of Special Rubberized Concrete Types Utilizing Portable Non-Destructive Tests

Experimental Research and Transfer Matrix Method for Analysis of Transmission Loss in Multilayer Constructions with Devulcanized Waste Rubber

Use of recycled rubber in carbon black as a filler in ternary blends of NR/BR/SBR for the automotive tire industry

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