Use of Silanol-Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane in the Conservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Kavvouras, P. K.; Kostarelou, Chari; Zisi, Angeliki; Πέτρου, Μαρία; Moraitou, Georgianna

doi:10.1179/sic.2009.54.2.65

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Modification of the method by exchange of acetone with turpentine after wood dehydration and exposure of dry impregnated wood to MTMOS vapours instead of its immersion in the liquid silane improved penetrability of the consolidation mixture inside the wood. The treated samples retained their natural colour and dimensions; no shrinkage or collapse was observed [245]. The treatment did not alter wood mechanical properties, and its stabilising effect seems to result from high retention of the consolidant [202].…”

Section: Organosilicon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Attempts to use tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or methacrylate-dimethylsiloxane oligomers for waterlogged wood consolidation were also made [127]. The first fully organosiliconbased conservation method was proposed by C. W. Smith in 1993 and then patented by Klosowski and Smith and Klosowski et al It employed a primary silicon polymer (silicon oil, polydimethylsiloxane) and a cross-linker (methyltrimethoxysilane, MTMOS) for impregnation of acetone dehydrated wood followed by the addition of a catalyst to ensure the formation of a strengthening three-dimensional polymer network inside the wood structure [126,244,245]. The method was used to consolidate several waterlogged marine and freshwater artefacts made of wood, bone, ceramic and textiles, including objects from the sunken city of Port Royal, Jamaica, the Uluburun shipwreck and the French shipwreck La Belle.…”

Section: Organosilicon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Broda

Hill

2021

Forests

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This paper reviews the degradation, preservation and conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. Degradation due to bacteria in anoxic and soft-rot fungi and bacteria in oxic waterlogged conditions is discussed with consideration of the effect on the chemical composition of wood, as well as the deposition of sulphur and iron within the structure. The effects on physical properties are also considered. The paper then discusses the role of consolidants in preserving waterlogged archaeological wood after it is excavated as well as issues to be considered when reburial is used as a means of preservation. The use of alum and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as consolidants is presented along with various case studies with particular emphasis on marine artefacts. The properties of consolidated wood are examined, especially with respect to the degradation of the wood post-conservation. Different consolidants are reviewed along with their use and properties. The merits and risks of reburial and in situ preservation are considered as an alternative to conservation.

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Section: Organosilicon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Organosilicon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Broda

Hill

2021

Forests

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“…The next phase would involve larger sample numbers where trends based on measurements (such as dimensional change, weight gain, colour, interaction with moisture) can be understood with better certainty. It is, thus, very important to standardize a testing regime as for example described in Kavvouras, Kostarelou, Zisi, Petrou and Moraitou [42]. This, however, may be difficult to achieve if large amounts of archaeological wood are not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Soda Lignin from Wheat Straw/Sarkanda Grass as a Potential Future Consolidant for Archaeological Wood

Łucejko

Lamotte

Andriulo

et al. 2021

Forests

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This work is part of a larger study, which aims to use soda lignin from straw as the starting point for a non-aqueous consolidant for highly degraded archaeological wood from the Oseberg collection. This wood was treated with alum salts in the early 1900s, is actively degrading and exists in varying states of preservation. Non-aqueous consolidants are an option to stabilize this wood mechanically in cases where it is too deteriorated to undergo aqueous-based retreatments, for example using polyethylene glycol. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of penetration of two soda lignin preparations in low- to medium-degraded archaeological pine. The soda lignins were dissolved in ethyl acetate and had two molecular weight groups: P1000 (molecular weight Mw of~3 kDa) and the ethyl acetate fraction FB01 (Mw of ~1 kDa). Penetration after immersion was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis. Treated specimens were also evaluated using weight and dimensional change and scanning electron microscopy. Both lignins penetrated into sample cores, but P1000 did not penetrate as well as FB01. This may be due to differences in their molecular weights, but also differences in polarity due to the presence of different functional groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicone-based polymers such as PDMS-OH ( Figure 1 b) possess a number of desirable properties such as hydrophobicity, high chemical, and temperature resistance, and minimal flammability [ 8 ]. These polymers form a macromolecular network in the wood via crosslinking, achieved by condensing the silanol groups to form siloxane bonds [ 8 ]. Kavvouras et al [ 8 ] investigated the use of PDMS-OH together with a catalyst and a crosslinker, for conserving archaeological waterlogged wood from the Neolithic period in Greece.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Hydrodynamic Study on Non-Aqueous Soluble Archaeological Wood Consolidants: Butvar B-98 and PDMS-OH Siloxanes

et al. 2022

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Butvar B-98 and PDMS-OH both have a demonstrable ability as consolidants for archaeological wood. This makes them both potential treatment options for the Oseberg collection, which is one of the most important archaeological finds from the Viking era. Both Butvar B-98 and PDMS-OH are soluble in organic solvents, offering a useful alternative to aqueous-based consolidants. Extensive characterisation studies were carried out on both of these polymers, with the use of analytical ultracentrifugation and viscometry, for the benefit of conservators wanting to know more about the physical properties of these materials. Short column sedimentation equilibrium analysis using SEDFIT-MSTAR revealed a weight-average molar mass (weight-average molecular weight) Mw of (54.0 ± 1.5) kDa (kg · mol−1) for Butvar B-98, while four samples of PDMS-OH siloxanes (each with a different molar mass) had an Mw of (52.5 ± 3.0) kDa, (38.8 ± 1.5) kDa, (6.2 ± 0.7) kDa and (1.6 ± 0.1) kDa. Sedimentation velocity confirmed that all polymers were heterogeneous, with a wide range of molar masses. All molecular species showed considerable conformational asymmetry from measurements of intrinsic viscosity, which would facilitate networking interactions as consolidants. It is anticipated that the accumulated data on these two consolidants will enable conservators to make a more informed decision when it comes to choosing which treatment to administer to archaeological artefacts.

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Use of Silanol-Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane in the Conservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Evaluation of Soda Lignin from Wheat Straw/Sarkanda Grass as a Potential Future Consolidant for Archaeological Wood

Comparative Hydrodynamic Study on Non-Aqueous Soluble Archaeological Wood Consolidants: Butvar B-98 and PDMS-OH Siloxanes

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