Use of single-nucleotide polymorphism in assessment and management of tuberculosis by using Geo Informatics System

Abstract

Background: Approximately one-third of the world's population is infected with the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). 99.9% of human DNA is similar and 0.1% dissimilar; this is because of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Aims: SNPs are the efficient way of identifying the genes implicated to common complex diseases. These SNPs are helpful in assessment and management of TB by using GIS system. Materials and Methods: In this article, particular SNPs relevant to TB is obtained from F-SNP database which is helpful in making SNP profile of TB patients, having coded information (different types of SNP) of each individual. This coded information is used to make SNP medical card of each individual. Results: If the SNP information made available on the GIS, it can be used by physicians, health care providers, and government to find out genetic origin of TB, susceptibility of patient toward them, and drugs to treat them. Physicians can use the SNP medical card as a powerful tool in designing the individual drug and dosage regimen and prediction of drug ADR related to particular patient. Conclusion: SNP medical card can be used as a powerful tool for combating TB in developing country like India.

Cinnamon nanoemulsion mitigates acetamiprid-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats: biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular docking analysis

“…They can also bioaccumulate and disrupt the food chain [ 48 ]. Nanoemulsions, which range in size from 20 to 500 nm, are sometimes called miniemulsions, submicron emulsions, or ultrafine emulsions [ 49 ]. There are three different kinds of nanoemulsions combining oil in water (O/W), and water in oil (W/O) [ 50 ].…”

Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Lungs Cancer Its Challenges and Future Perspective-A Review

“…Emulsifying agents, aqueous phase, and oil combine to generate colloidal nanoparticles called nanoemulsions (NE).A nanoemulsion's size ranges from 10 to 1000 nm..Drug nanocarriers known as nanoemulsions, which are typically solid spheres with amorphous and lipophilic surfaces, are commonly employed who show a negative charge.Because nanoemulsions are heterogeneous mixtures made of aqueous and oil droplet nanodroplets are dispersed over media with a small size, and it is possible to create the following three types of nanoemulsionswater in an oil nanoemulsion system, where (a) water is dispersed in an aqueous medium; (b) an oil-in-water nanoemulsion system where oil is dispersed in an aqueous (c) a medium;a bi-continuous nanoemulsion [48,49].In comparison to the majority of lipid-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles, nanoemulsions have a number of benefits, including optical clarity, thermodynamic stability, large surface area, ease of production, biodegradability, and optimal drug release profle [50].A wide range of membrane-modified nanoemulsions have been studied. Using nanoemulsions for co-delivery can enhance both the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.…”

Acoustic studies of copper soap–urea complexes derived from groundnut and sesame oils

“…A variety of methods have been used to determine the CMC with or without additives in surfactants solutions [8]. The Grüneisen parameter and the internal pressure obtained from ultrasonic velocity and density data play a significant role in understanding internal structure, clustering phenomenon and the quasi-crystalline nature of a binary mixture [9]. Ultrasonic measurements have also been used to determine the solvation number in aqueous media [10].…”