Use of smartphones to aid the teaching of equine ocular fundus examination

Abstract

BackgroundTeaching and learning how to perform examination of the ocular fundus is challenging. Smartphones can support to enhance students’ confidence and experience.MethodsFollowing an optional year-4 ophthalmoscopy practical using hand-held ophthalmoscopes, students completed a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale (VAS) investigating if students felt smartphone use aided learning and if student’s self-assessed confidence in visualising the ocular fundus had improved. VAS scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (significance: P<0.05).ResultsAll 30 year-4 students attending the practical participated to the study. Confidence in performing direct ophthalmoscopy significantly increased after the practical. Confidence after the practical was 65.3 (±19.8) per cent compared with before the practical when confidence was 20.1 (±15.6) per cent (P<0.001). The perceived usefulness of traditional teaching was 62.3 (±23.8) per cent. The perceived usefulness of the teaching with the smartphone was 91.1 (±8.6) per cent. While students found both methods useful, they perceived the use of the smartphone to be significantly more useful (P<0.001). Free-text comments on the use of the smartphone were all positive and included ‘useful’, ‘fun’ and ‘good teaching tool’.ConclusionsThis study shows that students positively received the use of the smartphone, which can be a useful tool to teach the equine ocular examination to undergraduate veterinary students.

Improving the teaching of fundoscopy in veterinary medicine

“…In an article summarised on p 532 of this issue of Vet Record , Shipman and colleagues describe the use of the smartphone to assist in teaching examination of the equine fundus to veterinary students at the University of Nottingham 8 . The greater understanding of fundoscopic anatomy provided by the larger field of view of the smartphone proved useful when direct ophthalmoscopy was subsequently performed.…”