Use of soil nonexchangeable potassium by paddy rice with clay structural changes under long‐term fertilizer management

Abstract

Potassium (K) is an essential element for plants and plays a very important role in stomatal movement, water retention and enhancement of enzyme activity (Marschner, 2012). Therefore, its deficiencies cause inhibition of plant growth and a decrease of crop yield (Usherwood, 1985). It is the seventh most abundant element in the earth's crust, and it is also very abundant in soil, ranging from 0.4 to 30 g K kg −1 with a median

The Effect of K-Fertilization and Irrigation on the Composition of Cultivated Soils: Examples from Israel

“…Most of the soil K generally occurs as structural K in the primary minerals K-feldspars, biotite, and muscovite and is only available to plants through mineral weathering [9]. Structural K has been thought to be of relatively little significance for short-term plant K nutrition [10,11]; however, in the long term, it may play a substantial role in K supply [11][12][13][14]. Water-extractable K and exchangeable K are readily available to plants but typically make up only a small Minerals 2023, 13, 1547 2 of 35 portion of soil K [15] (and references therein).…”