Use of solid residue from olive kernel pyrolysis for polymer matrix composite manufacturing: Physical and mechanical characterization

Abstract

This study is aiming at the production of carbon material from agricultural residues by pyrolysis and their further use for the production of green polymeric composites. The development of an agriculturalbased polymer matrix compatible with olive pits and consequently a fully biodegradable composite system is the future and ultimate goal of the undertaken research. In this study, pyrolysis of olive kernels was conducted at 800 C for 1 h. Furthermore, elemental, proximate, and metal analyses were performed for to the raw material and the produced char. The analyses showed that the pyrolytic char from olive kernel is a carbon rich material with significant concentration in metals, which can be further studied as additive for the production of green materials. For that purpose, samples made out of epoxy matrix, reinforced with pyrolytic char from olive kernel at different concentrations, were manufactured and mechanically characterized at three point bending conditions. A maximum increase of 60% in bending modulus in comparison to the net matrix modulus was achieved. The new material developed in the present investigation is a green composite with an elastic modulus 60% higher than that of the pure matrix. Results were also compared with predictions derived by the application of a theoretical model previously developed by the first author for the evaluation of the elastic modulus in particulate composites taking into account not only the effect of filler-matrix adhesion but also the degree of dispersion of fillers into the matrix. It was found that predicted values as derived from the application of the model were in very good agreement with experimental findings.

Olive Stones as Filler for Polymer-Based Composites: A Review

“…Finally, in another study, Papanicolaou et al [ 64 ] produced composites reinforced with olive kernel pyrolytic, and the influence of the particle-weight fraction (0–25 wt.%) on the flexural behavior of such composites was studied. For this purpose, polymeric composites were prepared by mixing pyrolytic char of olive kernels with an epoxy resin (RENLAM CY 219 with RENLAM HY 5161 as a hardener).…”

Effect of olive pomace particles content on mode I and mode II delamination fracture of S‐glass fiber reinforced composites

“…However, OP filled composites have been partially attracted to the some researchers, and further investigation on OP filled composites needs still to better understand the mechanical and fracture properties of the fiber reinforced composites. [16][17][18][19][20] Qutaiba [21] investigated on olive pits powder incorporated sustainable reinforced polymer composites to study the influence of mechanical properties of their composites with untreated and treated ones. The results showed that a significant improvement in mechanical properties of reinforced composites with treated olive pits against untreated olive pits.…”

Reliability Analysis of Clay Ceramics Incorporating Industrial Solid By-Products

“…On the other hand, secondary useful resources are currently under consideration as substitute raw materials or as admixtures into clays for manufacturing building ceramics as well as geopolymers and composites (Álvarez-Ayuso et al, 2008;Badanoiu & Voicu, 2011;Karayannis et al, 2013;Komnitsas et al, 2009;Konin & Kouadio, 2012;Papanicolaou et al, 2011;Zhang, 2013).…”