Use of Spectrum-matched versus Scaled Records to Evaluate Seismic Responses of a Latticed Shell

Effects of stochastic generation on the elastic and inelastic spectra of fully non-stationary accelerograms

“…According to Muscolino et al [57], the evolutionary frequency content of the model detailed in Section 3 (see Eqs. (10) and ( 11)) can be calibrated by using readily available data such as the number of peaks, 𝑃 𝑓 𝑘 , and zerolevel up-crossings, 𝑍 + 𝑓 𝑘 , in the 𝑘th time interval Δ𝑇 𝑘 (see Eqs. (A.1) and (A.2)).…”

“…However, there are cases in which it is not possible to obtain the minimum number of accelerograms required by the seismic codes without applying large scale factors to each record, which in turn may distort the salient characteristics of the recorded accelerogram. It has been shown (e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10]) that the bias introduced by the scaling depends on the type of structure and type of seismic performance under investigation.…”

“…(𝜔) , (10) in which 𝜔 L𝑘 and 𝜔 H𝑘 are the 𝑘th frequency control of the second-order low-pass and first-order high-pass Butterworth filters, respectively. Furthermore, 𝐺 (CP) 𝑘 (𝜔) is the uni-modal one-sided PSD function of the stationary random process introduced by Conte and Peng [77], which can be viewed as the linear combination of the displacement and velocity responses of a second-order SDoF (single degree of freedom) oscillator subjected to two statistically independent Gaussian white noise processes:…”