Use of Stimulants to Ameliorate the Effects of Sleep Loss During Sustained Performance

Sleep Logistics as a Force Multiplier: An Analysis of Reported Fatigue Factors From Southwest Asia Warfighters

“…Commonly referenced Fatigue Countermeasures (After: Belenky et al, 1987;Evans et al, 1991;Naitoh et al, 1987;McCallum et al, 2003;Folkard, 1990;Zarcone, 2000;De Valck & Cluydts, 2001;Dement & Vaughan, 1999;Babkoff & Krueger, 1992;Mitler & Aldrich, 2000;Ramsey & McGlohn, 1997;Roehrs & Roth, 2000;Moore-Ede & LeVert, 1998;Maas, 2001 Table 20.…”

“…The authors reported that mission start times had a major effect on the Marine's performance throughout the mission and that allowing only 3-4 hours of sleep resulted in a 30% degradation of performance during a second 20-hour continuous work episode compared to the baseline (Naitoh et al, 1987 At 24 hours of sustained wakefulness, the performance on the psychomotor test was equivalent to that of a rested person with a BAC of 0.10 percent, which is the legal limit for drunken driving in all of the U.S. states (Dawson & Reid, 1997). Moreover, sleepiness has been shown to exacerbate the sedating effects of alcohol so that even low levels of alcohol make the sleepy driver much more impaired and much more likely to fall asleep at the wheel (NHTSA, 1998;Roehrs et al, 1994;Dement and Vaughan, 1999 Belenky et al, 1987;Evans et al, 1991;Naitoh et al, 1987;McCallum et al, 2003;Folkard, 1990;Zarcone, 2000;De Valck & Cluydts, 2001;Dement & Vaughan, 1999;Babkoff & Krueger, 1992;Mitler & Aldrich, 2000;Ramsey & McGlohn, 1997;Roehrs & Roth, 2000;Moore-Ede & LeVert, 1998;Maas, 2001). …”

Trial-to-Trial Variance in Choice Reaction Time as a Measure of the Effect of Stimulants During Sleep Deprivation

“…Different tasks show differing sensitivities to sleep loss (Babkoff et al, 1991;Dinges & Kribbs, 1991;Johnson, 1982). Several studies have attempted to clarify the mechanisms responsible for performance deficits during sleep loss as well as to test for solutions (Babkoff & Krueger, 1992).…”

The Effects of Modafinil and OTC Stimulants on Physical and Cognitive Performance

“…Stimulants have long been used by members of the military in order to maintain alertness and high levels of performance (Babkoff & Krueger, 1992). In recent years, modafinil has become a means of alleviating the symptoms of fatigue among military personnel when scheduling and other behavioral countermeasures have been ineffective (Baranski, Pigeau, Dinich, & Jacobs, 2004).…”