Use of Systemic Antibiotics for Prophylaxis in Surgery

Chodak, Gerald W.; Plaut, Martin E.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370030098018

Cited by 135 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Burke [53] and Alexander and Altemeier [54] demon strated the effectiveness of systemic antibiotics in the prevention of wound infection if the antibiotics were given just before and during experimental operative procedures on animals. Chodak and Plaut [55] reviewed the application of this concept to general surgery per formed on humans and concluded some effectiveness could be demonstrated for abdominal and vaginal hys terectomies, total hip replacements, biliary surgery, ces arean surgery and microneurosurgical craniotomy. Geraghty and Feely [10] performed a randomized, con trolled trial and found the infection rate in the control group was 3.5% and in the antibiotic prophylaxis treated group to be 0.5%…”

Section: Antibiotic Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with 1201 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Procedures

1985

Pediatr Neurosurg

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This report of our experience with 1,201 cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures over a 17-year period includes two time periods: from 1965 to 1974 and from 1975 to 1982. The overall operative infection rate fell from 10.7% in the former period to 3.6% in the latter period. The overall average number of revisions fell from 1.8 to 0.77. The number of revisions for patients with infected shunts in the latter period was 4.07. Three hundred and eighty-four shunts were studied in the latter period for the effects of prophylactic antibiotics. No significant difference was found between the infection rate of 5.6% in the nonantibiotic group and the infection rate of 2.1% in the group receiving intravenous and intraventricular methicillin and gentamicin. Differences in the operative infection rates for patients with and without meningomyelocele and those operated on by different surgeons were not significant. The only mortalities were from nonoperative and noncerebrospinal fluid shunt causes.

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Section: Antibiotic Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with 1201 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Procedures

1985

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…The main reasons for the divided clinical opinion are: a perceived low level of infective complications, the cost of prophylactic regi mens, doubts about whether prophylaxis is appropriate when recent urine culture shows no growth, doubts about whether results from a single centre are generally applica ble and finally fears that resistant strains will emerge. Published studies have been criticised because of insuffi cient numbers and poor trial design and few have reached statistically valid conclusions [13,14]. Those clinicians who do believe in antibiotic prophylaxis do not agree about the dosage regimen; some advocate a single dose and others more prolonged cover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Collaborative Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

Hargreave

Botto²,

Rikken³

et al. 1993

Eur Urol

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“…Finally, at the fifth post-operative day, or at the patient's discharge, whatever came first, any infection (proven or suspected) was (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) or, if no study was available, on the wound classification (9,10), and was finalized on a consensus meeting of the National Working Group on Hospital Hygiene. * The second indication class was purposely kept large, in order to enhance acceptance of the classes 1 and 3.…”

Section: Data Gatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of well-controlled clinical trials determining the effectiveness of specific regimens for specific procedures have been conducted and the subject has been reviewed by several authors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National study on the utilization of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery, Belgium, 1986

Mertens

Verbist

Gordts³

et al. 1989

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYDuring the last week of May 1986, a 1-week prospective study on antibiotic utilization in surgical patients was held in 104 (42%) of the 247 Belgian acute care hospitals. All surgical patients with a post-operative stay of at least 3 days were studied, involving 3112 patients. Each patient was observed for 7 days, starting from the day before surgery. Antibiotics were administered to 71·9% of all patients; 21·9% received therapeutic antibiotics and 52·9% prophylactic antibiotics; 2·9% received both. Of the 1285 patients undergoing a surgical procedure with no indication for antimicrobial prophylaxis, 50·7% nevertheless received prophylaxis; 92·8% of patients with a generally recognized indication for prophylaxis received antibiotic prophylaxis. Less than one fifth (17·1 %) of all prophylactic courses were stopped on the day of the intervention whilst 26·3% were continued up to the fifth post-operative day or beyond. The most frequently prescribed drugs for this indication included first and second generation cephalosporins and nitroimidazoles. The number of different generic drugs utilized per hospital ranged from 1 to 18 (mean: 7·7).

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Use of Systemic Antibiotics for Prophylaxis in Surgery

Cited by 135 publications

References 81 publications

Experience with 1201 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Procedures

Experience with 1201 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Procedures

European Collaborative Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

National study on the utilization of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery, Belgium, 1986

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