Use of Technology in the Election Process: Who Governs?

Loeber, Leontine

doi:10.1089/elj.2019.0559

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Overall, the results had an average mean and standard deviation of 4.379 and 0.858 respectively showing that most of the respondents agreed with the statement but the responses were varied. The results are consistent with the findings of Loeber (2017) which indicated that, the applications used to ensure the security of data include electoral registers, software for registration of parties and candidates and software for tallying, direct data capture machines and calculating results. However, nowadays, voters are also confronted with ICT solutions in voting in some countries where forms of e-voting are introduced.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics On Results Transmission System (Rts)supporting

confidence: 89%

“…When talking about these new technologies, one should be aware that most of the applications that are used are not seen by the voters; since they are only used by the election administrators. Loeber (2017) asserted that the applications used for ensuring the security of data include electoral registers, software for registration of parties and candidates and software for tallying, direct data capture machines and calculating results. However, nowadays, voters are also confronted with ICT solutions in voting in some countries where forms of evoting are introduced.…”

Section: Results Transmission and Presentation And Credibility Of Elementioning

confidence: 99%

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Candidate Registration System and Results Transmission System on Credibility of the Electoral System in Kenya; A Case Study of Nairobi County

Marjorie¹,

James²

2020

IJRP

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In a multi-party democracy, it is expected from both the elected and appointed government officials at all levels of the political system to render periodic accounts of their stewardship to the population. There has been recurring post-election violence in Kenya due to disputed elections. The announcement of the disputed 2007 presidential election results in Kenya on December 27th, 2007 led to what could be described as the worst political crisis in Kenyan postcolonial history. This study was guided by the following specific objectives; to assess the effect of Candidate Registration System (CRS) on the credibility of the Electoral System in Nairobi County and to evaluate the effect of Results Transmission System (RTS) on the credibility of the Electoral System in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on Technology Acceptance Theory and employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 2,251,929 registered voters in Nairobi County and 40 Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, technical officials. A sample size of 351 respondents was used determined using Fisher's (2007) formula. Primary data for this study was collected using structured questionnaires. The analysis involved both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The inferential results showed a positive correlation of (r=0.554, p=0.000) between Candidate Registration System (CRS) and credibility of electoral systems. Findings on Results Transmission System (RTS) and credibility of electoral systems showed a positive correlation of (r=0.648, p=0.000). Furthermore there was a significant effect between Candidate Registration System (CRS) and credibility of electoral systems (β=.152, p=0.000), and on Results Transmission System (RTS) and credibility of electoral systems (β=.155, p=0.000). The study concluded that Candidate Registration System (CRS) and Results Transmission System (RTS) are critical in producing high-quality, tamperresistant voter ID cards and electoral results. The study recommends that there should be adequate policy and strict protocols for supervision, management, transmission and storage of electoral data.

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Section: Descriptive Statistics On Results Transmission System (Rts)supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Results Transmission and Presentation And Credibility Of Elementioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Registration System and Results Transmission System on Credibility of the Electoral System in Kenya; A Case Study of Nairobi County

Marjorie¹,

James²

2020

IJRP

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“…Industrial, transport, and other accidents such as rail crashes and explosions which are accidental may justify a humanitarian postponement of part of the electoral process. A technological failure such as a power outage can cause major problems to the electoral process now that technology is often central to the electoral process through e-counting and electronic poll-books, for example (Loeber 2020). Some technological disasters, whose causes are more complex in nature, might not justify humanitarian postponement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Is It Democratic to Postpone an Election? Elections During Natural Disasters, COVID-19, and Emergency Situations

James

Alihodžić

2020

Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy

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Holding regular elections is an essential feature of democratic practices. The case for postponing elections is often made during emergency situations, however. Despite the critical nature of the issue for democracy, peace, and security, there has been sparse academic literature on election postponement. This article provides a new typology of reasons why elections might be delayed to disentangle the causal factors and normative rationale. It distinguishes the humanitarian case for temporary postponements during natural disasters. It then argues that substantive concepts of democracy and electoral integrity, rather than existing international/national laws and standards, should be used to inform decisions about postponement by relevant stakeholders, be it an electoral management body (EMB), government, parliament, or the judiciary. The possible effects of natural disasters on electoral integrity are traced through a comparative analysis of past cases. The article holds that variations in context and the ability of actors to strategically adapt to situations will make the effects contingent. Nonetheless, holding elections during natural disasters will often lead to severely compromised opportunities for deliberation, contestation, participation, and election management quality. There is therefore a strong, democratic case for time-limited postponement. However, the postponement will break institutional certainty, which could pose threats of democratic breakdown-especially in presidential systems. The best available safeguards for electoral integrity during natural disasters include the introduction or expansion of low-tech solutions such as early voting, strengthened risk management, but also transparency and inclusivity in decision making. Overall, there are important lessons for the broader scholarship and practice of democracy during emergency situations.

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“…Many countries have since experimented with various forms of electronic voting, with Estonia being the most prominent example, as the country applies electronic voting in local elections since 2005 and in its national elections since 2007 (Veit and Huntgeburth, 2014). While some researchers speak of introducing new technologies to elections (see for example Loeber, 2020), others speak of elections becoming digital (Essex and Goodman, 2020, p. 162). A third group of researchers goes even further and already terms this the "era of cyber-elections" (Garnett and James, 2020, p. 111).…”

Section: Electronic Voting and Electoral Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the risks discussed so far, there are several open questions that add to the debate about e-voting and its consequences for electoral integrity, involving questions about its implementation, regulation, and the ownership of hardware and software (e.g., Garnett and James, 2020;Loeber, 2020). A holistic approach to e-voting must ensure that democratic principles for elections are met at any step of the electoral process, also when it comes to the implementation and regulation of procedures, as well as ownership questions.…”

Section: Risks For Electoral Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“The High Mass of Democracy” —Why Germany Remains Aloof to the Idea of Electronic Voting

Fitzpatrick

Jöst²

2022

Front. Polit. Sci.

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Despite the increase in citizens' use of absentee voting and examples from other countries, so far Germany remains aloof to the idea of introducing electronic voting as another form of convenience voting to its political elections. Apart from intra-party elections, no changes in the direction of electronic voting are considered in the current debate about an electoral reform. What are the reasons for the German aloofness toward electronic voting? In this article, we focus on party positions and institutional, as well as legal considerations, to provide a comprehensive answer to this question. From a normative point of view, the question of electronic voting is inextricably linked to the concept of electoral integrity, as the latter is pivotal to determine a democratic mode to select trusted representatives. Therefore, this paper first discusses the opportunities and risks for electoral integrity associated with electronic voting. Based on these considerations, we then explore reasons for the hesitancy of German legislators. To this end, we conducted expert interviews with German MPs and considered open-source documents related to the German debate about electronic voting. Our paper contributes to research on party positions on electronic voting, by relating the topic to questions about electoral integrity and considering political parties' reasoning, as well as legal and institutional constraints in the German context. We find that the main reasons provided by party representatives circle around concerns about transparency, security, accuracy, and the value of the voting act itself.

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Use of Technology in the Election Process: Who Governs?

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Candidate Registration System and Results Transmission System on Credibility of the Electoral System in Kenya; A Case Study of Nairobi County

Candidate Registration System and Results Transmission System on Credibility of the Electoral System in Kenya; A Case Study of Nairobi County

When Is It Democratic to Postpone an Election? Elections During Natural Disasters, COVID-19, and Emergency Situations

“The High Mass of Democracy” —Why Germany Remains Aloof to the Idea of Electronic Voting

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