Use of Terahertz Photoconductive Sources to Characterize Tunable Graphene RF Plasmonic Antennas

Cabellos‐Aparicio, Albert; Llátser, Ignacio; Alarcón, Eduard; Hsu, Allen; Palacios, Tomás

doi:10.1109/tnano.2015.2398931

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Regarding the transmitted signal, we consider a power spectral density of 10 −18 W/Hz over a bandwidth of 1 THz. We have chosen this value in light of recent results of the transmitted power by graphene antennas fed by a photoconductive source [49], whose radiated total power radiated is estimated to be in the µW range. Integrating this spectral density over a bandwidth of 1 THz yields a total power of 1 µW, in agreement with the state of the art.…”

Section: F Quantitative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalability of the Channel Capacity in Graphene-enabled Wireless Communications to the Nanoscale

Llátser

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Alarcón

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Abstract-Graphene is a promising material which has been proposed to build graphene plasmonic miniaturized antennas, or graphennas, which show excellent conditions for the propagation of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves in the terahertz band. Due to their small size of just a few µm, graphennas allow the implementation of wireless communications among nanosystems, leading to a novel paradigm known as Grapheneenabled Wireless Communications (GWC). In this paper, an analytical framework is developed in order to evaluate how the channel capacity of a GWC system scales as its dimensions shrink. In particular, we study how the unique propagation of SPP waves in graphennas will impact the channel capacity. Next, we further compare these results with respect to the case when metallic antennas are used, in which these plasmonic effects do not appear. In addition, asymptotic expressions for the channel capacity are derived in the limit when the system dimensions tend to zero. In this scenario, necessary conditions to ensure the feasibility of GWC networks are found. Finally, using these conditions, new guidelines are derived to explore the scalability of various parameters, such as transmission range and transmitted power. These results may be helpful for designers of future GWC systems and networks.

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Section: F Quantitative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalability of the Channel Capacity in Graphene-enabled Wireless Communications to the Nanoscale

Llátser

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Alarcón

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…where a rj1 is the amplitude of the received signal given that a pulse has been transmitted and N 0 and N 1 stand for the distance dependent noise powers given by (4). For the general case with multi-user interference, the thresholds can only be numerically obtained.…”

Section: Bit Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent developments in the area of graphene-based nanoelectronics point to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) as the frequency band of communication for nano-devices [4,12]. The THz band provides nanomachines with an unprecedentedly large bandwidth, which ranges from several tens of GHz up to a few THz, and enables data transmissions at multi-Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) or even Terabits-per-second (Tbps) [10,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint physical and link layer error control analysis for nanonetworks in the Terahertz band

et al. 2015

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Nanonetworks consist of nano-sized communicating devices which are able to perform simple tasks at the nanoscale. The limited capabilities of individual nanomachines and the Terahertz (THz) band channel behavior lead to error-prone wireless links. In this paper, a cross-layer analysis of error-control strategies for nanonetworks in the THz band is presented. A mathematical framework is developed and used to analyze the tradeoffs between Bit Error Rate, Packet Error Rate, energy consumption and latency, for five different error-control strategies, namely, Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC), two types of Error Prevention Codes (EPC) and a hybrid EPC. The cross-layer effects between the physical and the link layers as well as the impact of the nanomachine capabilities in both layers are taken into account. At the physical layer, nanomachines are considered to communicate by following a time-spread on-off keying modulation based on the transmission of femtosecond-long pulses. At the link layer, nanomachines are considered to access the channel in an uncoordinated fashion, by leveraging the possibility to interleave pulse-based transmissions from different nodes. Throughout the analysis, accurate path loss, noise and multi-user interference models, validated by means of electromagnetic simulation, are utilized. In addition, the energy consumption and latency introduced by a hardware implementation of each error control technique, as well as, the additional constraints imposed by the use of energy-harvesting mechanisms to power the nanomachines, are taken into account. The results show that, despite their simplicity, EPCs outperform traditional ARQ and FEC schemes, in terms of error correcting capabilities, which results in further energy savings and reduced latency.

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“…This technology requires the development of antennas capable of efficiently operating in this frequency range. For this purpose, graphene-based plasmonic antennas have been introduced as an attractive solution due to their unique tunability and miniaturization properties, as well as their Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology compatibility [3,4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substrate is considered high resistivity Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). To bring the design closer to experimental realization, we assume the dipole to be fed at its center gap of length g with a terahertz photomixer that acts as a photoconductive source [3]. It is worth mentioning that all the antennas considered in this work are compatible with widespread and even commercially available growth, transfer, and patterning methods for graphene [3,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable THz Plasmonic Antenna Based on Few-Layer Graphene with High Radiation Efficiency

et al. 2018

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Graphene plasmonic antennas possess two significant features that render them appealing for short-range wireless communications, notably, inherent tunability and miniaturization due to the unique frequency dispersion of graphene and its support for surface plasmon waves in the terahertz band. In this letter, dipole-like antennas using few-layer graphene are proposed to achieve a better trade-off between miniaturization and radiation efficiency than current monolayer graphene antennas. The characteristics of few-layer graphene antennas are evaluated and then compared with those of antennas based on monolayer graphene and graphene stacks, which could also provide such improvements. To this end, first, the propagation properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides based on the aforementioned graphene structures are obtained by transfer matrix theory and finite-element simulation, respectively. Second, the antennas are investigated as three-dimensional structures using a full-wave solver. Results show that the highest radiation efficiency among the compared designs is achieved with the few-layer graphene, while the highest miniaturization is obtained with the even mode of the graphene stack antenna.

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Use of Terahertz Photoconductive Sources to Characterize Tunable Graphene RF Plasmonic Antennas

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Scalability of the Channel Capacity in Graphene-enabled Wireless Communications to the Nanoscale

Scalability of the Channel Capacity in Graphene-enabled Wireless Communications to the Nanoscale

Joint physical and link layer error control analysis for nanonetworks in the Terahertz band

Reconfigurable THz Plasmonic Antenna Based on Few-Layer Graphene with High Radiation Efficiency

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