Use of Terrain Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods to Map Saline‐Water Contamination, East Poplar Oil Field, Northeastern Montana

Thamke, Joanna N.; Craigg, Steven D.; Mendes, Thomas M.

doi:10.4133/1.2922504

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A conceptual model for far‐field brine leakage from a storage formation was synthesized from a number of field studies of brine leakage in analog systems to CGS (e.g., Jacobs, 2009; Keating et al., 2010, Keating, Hakala, et al., 2013; Keating, Newell, et al., 2013, 2014; Llewellyn, 2014; Thamke & Craig, 1997; Thamke & Midtlyng, 2003). In this model, a far‐field brine plume is leaking from a CO 2 storage formation (denoted as Zone 1) through fractured caprock, in turn migrating via advection and dispersion through the intermediate overburden layers (denoted as Zone 2) and eventually propagating in the shallow aquifer (denoted as Zone 3).…”

Section: Experimental Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to field data paucity, Keating et al. (2010) suggested three research strategies to investigate CO 2 /brine leakage related issues: (a) relying on data from the engineered and well‐characterized CGS pilot sites, such as Frio or Ketzin sites (Doughty et al., 2008; Kharaka et al., 2006, 2009, 2013; Nowak et al., 2013; Zeidouni et al., 2014), (b) utilizing data from analog systems, such as leakage of re‐injected produced water (Jacobs, 2009; Thamke & Craig, 1997; Thamke & Midtlyng, 2003) or natural brine leakage from deep formations (Keating et al., 2010, 2014; Keating, Hakala, et al., 2013; Keating, Newell, et al., 2013; Llewellyn, 2014), and (c) generating data under controlled laboratory experiments (Agartan, 2015; Luyun et al., 2011; Trevisan et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Askar

Illangasekare

Trautz

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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Natural fissures/faults or pressure‐induced fractures in the caprock confining injected CO2 have been identified as a potential leakage pathways of far‐field native brine contaminating underground sources of drinking water. Developing models to simulate brine propagation through the overlaying formations and aquifers is essential to conduct reliable pre‐ and post‐risk assessments for site selection and operation, respectively. One of the primary challenges of performing such simulations is lack of adequate information about source conditions, such as hydro‐structural properties of caprock fracture/fault zone and the permeability field of the storage formation. This research investigates the impact of source condition uncertainties on the accuracy of leaking brine plume predictions. Prediction models should be able to simulate brine leakage and transport in complex multilayered geologic systems with interacting regional natural and leakage flows. As field datasets are not readily available for model testing and validation, three comprehensive intermediate‐scale laboratory experiments were used to generate high‐resolution spatiotemporal data on brine plume development under different leakage scenarios. Experimental data were used to validate a flow and transport model developed using existing code FEFLOW to simulate brine plume under varying source conditions. Spatial moment analysis was conducted to evaluate how uncertainty in source conditions impacts brine migration predictions. Results showed that inaccurately prescribing the permeability field of storage formation and caprock fractures in models can cause errors in leakage pathway and spread predictions up to ∼19% and ∼100%, respectively. These findings will help in selecting and characterizing storage sites by factoring in potential risks to shallow groundwater resources.

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Section: Experimental Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Askar

Illangasekare

Trautz

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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“…The regional shallow aquifer includes Quaternary glacial deposits of Wiota gravels, Sprole silts, till, and alluvium varying in thickness (Figure S1a) and composition that overlie the Bearpaw shale bedrock (Thamke and Craigg 1997). There is a low hydraulic conductivity zone on the western portion of the Site (Jacobs 2013; Thamke and Smith 2014) because some areas where there is clay on top of shale (e.g., PNR‐16; Figure 2) have no saturated sands or gravel thickness where the aquifer pinches out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, Present, and Future Anatomy of an Oil Brine Plume Remediation near Poplar, Montana: A Case Study

Davis,

Kamark,

Sims

et al. 2023

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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The Biere #1‐22 oil production well near Poplar, Montana leaked brine and light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) to the shallow alluvial aquifer for several years before final closure in 2002. Since 2008, 2.5 billion L of brine have been removed (~90% of the original Cl mass). However, Cl will not reach the original background levels due to the reservoir of solutes entrained in the Bearpaw bedrock remnant from the lateral dense aqueous phase liquid flow across the alluvial/bedrock interface. After removal of ~100,000 L of product since 2006, residual LNAPL is now confined to 2.2 ha (5.5 acres) a decrease from the original 2.7 ha (6.6 acres) areal extent by 17%. The initial ~7.5 m thick product in 2002 is stable at a maximum of ~1 m. However, LNAPL has infiltrated into fine‐grained clay/silt units forming a smear zone in lenses 10 to 20 m bgs. Ongoing remediation has successfully mitigated benzene groundwater impacts over the last 14 years, with the benzene plume area having decreased by >99% (at the 5 μg/L) level from the maximum ~140 ha in 2002. This appears to be the first study evaluating the challenges to remediate a mixed LNAPL/dissolved organic/inorganic plume. Based on the mass removal to date, the asymptotic trends in solute concentrations, unpotable background groundwater quality, absence of a source/receptor pathway, lack of beneficial groundwater use, duration of mitigation with no obvious future accrual in benefit and the availability of institutional controls, it seems that the remedial strategies employed since 2006 have met their cost/benefit goals.

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Elektromanyetik ve Düşey Elektrik Sondaj Metodu Kullanılarak Yeraltı Suyu Araştırması

Nazifi¹,

Gülen²

2018

Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Dergisi

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Use of Terrain Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods to Map Saline‐Water Contamination, East Poplar Oil Field, Northeastern Montana

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Past, Present, and Future Anatomy of an Oil Brine Plume Remediation near Poplar, Montana: A Case Study

Elektromanyetik ve Düşey Elektrik Sondaj Metodu Kullanılarak Yeraltı Suyu Araştırması

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Use of Terrain Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods to Map Saline‐Water Contamination, East Poplar Oil Field, Northeastern Montana

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO2: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO2: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Past, Present, and Future Anatomy of an Oil Brine Plume Remediation near Poplar, Montana: A Case Study

Elektromanyetik ve Düşey Elektrik Sondaj Metodu Kullanılarak Yeraltı Suyu Araştırması

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Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling

Exploring the Impacts of Source Condition Uncertainties on Far‐Field Brine Leakage Plume Predictions in Geologic Storage of CO₂: Integrating Intermediate‐Scale Laboratory Testing With Numerical Modeling