Use of the D(3He,P)4 He reaction to study polymer diffusion in polymer melts

Payne, Richard; Clough, A.S.; Murphy, Peter; Mills, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(89)90018-9

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The energetic nuclear reaction products arising from the D(3He,p) reaction (Q = 18.353 MeV) 26 were detected at 170° to the incident beam. Both protons and alphas are detected, but the protons carry the most information: the PIPS detector had an active layer 1.5 mm thick, and an energy resolution of approximately 19 keV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying polyester surfaces with incompatible polymer additives

James

Jeynes

Barradas³

et al. 2015

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Reactive and Functional Polymers. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Reactive and Functional Polymers, 89, April 2015, 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractSurface modification of amorphous PET in incompatible blends is demonstrated using fluorocarbon end-functional polystyrenes. Contact angles with water and decane were consistent with high levels of surface fluorocarbon, even for spin-cast films with no further processing required. Hydrophobicity and lipophobicity were further increased by annealing above the glass transition temperature. High resolution depth profiling using complementary ion beam analysis and specular neutron reflectometry has enabled accurate characterisation of the composition profile of the additive including the minimum in additive concentration found just below the surface enriched layer. This analysis quantified the very low compatibility between the modifying polymer and the amorphous PET and was consistent with the highly segregated nature of the adsorbing species and its sharp interface with the subphase. For these incompatible polymer blends, surfaces enriched with the surface active polymer could coexist at equilibrium with extremely low (~0.4 %) bulk subphase "amPET" surface active additive Film profiles Annealing sharpens interfaceSpin cast films of incompatible polymers consistently yield a macromolecular monolayer of the surface active component.loadings of the additive. This suggests that for thicker films at even lower additive concentrations than the minimum 1% that we studied, it may be possible to achieve efficient surface modification. However, at this concentration, the efficiency of surface modification is limited by the processing conditions. Finally we note that in higher loadings of surface active additive there is clear evidence for lateral phase separation into patterned domains of differing composition. The enhancement in surface properties is due to local reorganisation rather than bulk redistribution of the components within the film, as the composition versus depth distributions of the polymer blend compone...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying polyester surfaces with incompatible polymer additives

James

Jeynes

Barradas³

et al. 2015

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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“…30 The D( 3 He,p) nuclear reaction cross section varies smoothly over the energy range for which data were obtained, but is most sensitive to deuterium near the sample surface.…”

Section: Nuclear Reaction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total beam charge delivered to any one spot was restricted to 3 C. The nuclear reaction analysis technique 30 application of ion beam analysis to polymer materials has been reviewed elsewhere. 31,32 …”

Section: Nuclear Reaction Analysis (Nra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants

et al. 2014

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(2014) 'Multihydroxyl end functional polyethylenes : synthesis, bulk and interfacial properties of polymer surfactants. ', Macromolecules., 47 (6). pp. 2062', Macromolecules., 47 (6). pp. -2071 Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma402158bPublisher's copyright statement:This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in nal form in Macromolecules, copyright c American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the nal edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma402158bAdditional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. for polar interfaces, are thermally stable up to ~ 250 °C, and to have similar crystallinity and dynamics to their unfunctionalised homopolymers analogues. The polymers segregated strongly to silicon oxide interfaces, with adsorbed layers forming spontaneously at annealed polymer interfaces, having surface excess concentrations approaching 2 R g , and a maximum areal density of approximately 0.6 adsorbed chains per nm 2 . This interfacial activity is achieved almost without detriment to the bulk physical properties of the polymer as evidenced by thermal analysis, quasi-elastic neutron scattering and smallangle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS experiments show little evidence for aggregation of the dihydroxyl functionalized polymers in blends with PE homopolymers, which is thought to explain why these additives have particularly strong interfacial adsorption, even at relatively high concentrations. A modest level of segregation of the additives to exposed blend surfaces was also seen, particularly when the additive molecular weight was significantly lower than that of the matrix. We attribute this to a combination of the relatively low molecular weight of the additives and the marginally lower surface energy associated with deuterated polymers.3

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“…A beam of 3 He þ ions was accelerated to 0.7 MeV and directed onto the sample surface at 838 to the sample normal (''grazing incidence''). Backscattered protons arising from the d(3He,p)a nuclear reaction [12] were detected at 1708 to the incident beam. The beam diameter was 2 mm, and measurements were taken over a total charge of 5 mC data were converted to volume fraction of deuterated polymer versus depth according to the thick target approximation.…”

Section: Ion Beam Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorocarbon End‐functionalized Polymers from Poly(arylether) Dendritic Initiators

Narrainen

Feast

Thompson

et al. 2005

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: Fréchet-type poly(arylether) first and second generation (G1 and G2 respectively) dendrons were prepared from 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzene. The latter and the brominated versions of the two dendrons were successfully employed in the copper mediated living radical polymerization (LRP) of styrene-d 8 giving polymers of predictable molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. Contact angle measurements and ion beam analysis were used to explore the adsorption of these materials to the air-polymer surface in blended films with unfunctionalized hydrogenous polystyrene. Although contact angle analysis indicated only modest changes in the hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of the surface, ion beam analysis clearly showed the formation of an excess layer of dendron functionalized polymer at the exposed surface that increased with increasing fluorine content.

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Use of the D(3He,P)4 He reaction to study polymer diffusion in polymer melts

Cited by 73 publications

References 11 publications

Modifying polyester surfaces with incompatible polymer additives

Modifying polyester surfaces with incompatible polymer additives

Multihydroxyl End Functional Polyethylenes: Synthesis, Bulk and Interfacial Properties of Polymer Surfactants

Fluorocarbon End‐functionalized Polymers from Poly(arylether) Dendritic Initiators

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