Use of the emotional Stroop to assess psychological trauma following traumatic brain injury

Coates, Richard Charles.

doi:10.1080/02699050801992824

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In turn Coates (2008) verified the hypothesis concerning the influence of implicit memory on the interference effect in the Stroop test. For this purpose he selected as his research groups the following: (a) persons who had been involved in a road traffic accident, suffered brain damage, and did not remember the accident (15 persons); (b) persons who had been involved in a road traffic accident and retained a memory of the event (13 persons); and, as a control group, (c) patients of an orthopedic ward (15 persons).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Denial of anxiety at a conscious level and, as follows from the research, experiencing it at an unconscious level result in evident disorders of cognitive control. The authors previously quoted the results of research on brain activity in the emotional Stroop test, which indicated that the stronger the interference effect, the greater the dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (Borkowska, 2006; Coates, 2008; Liu et al, 2015; Song et al, 2017). Quick and accurate decisions are sometimes required from drivers in dangerous situations on the road.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role in Road Traffic Accident and Anxiety as Moderators Attention Biases in Modified Emotional Stroop Test

Ścigała

Zdankiewicz-Ścigała

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Introduction According to the World Health Organisation, road accidents will be the most common cause of premature death by 2020. According to research, one in every five victims of accidents suffers from acute stress disorder and one in every four suffers from psychological problems up to 1 year after the event, including post-traumatic stress disorder. It was assumed that one of the mechanisms responsible for maintaining excessive arousal or anxiety is a dysfunction in cognitive processes occurring under the guise of selective attention disorders or a deficit in executive control. Materials and Methods The research encompassed 157 individuals (a group of victims and perpetrators N = 90; M = 34.1, SD = 10.77; control group N = 67; M = 34.20, SD = 11.16). The participants, tested after road traffic accidents, were patients of Traumatology and Orthopedic wards in Warsaw who had been involved in a road traffic accident up to a month prior to the research. The state of their physical injuries and administered drugs were monitored so that this did not interfere with the tests the participants undertook on computer. In each situation, the decision was made by the doctor responsible for the patient in the hospital ward. The control group comprised people who drive regularly and in 5 years had not been involved in any road traffic incidents. The participants from both groups completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire on anxiety as a state and as a trait, as well as a modified computerized emotional Stroop test. This new version of the test enables a study of the process of the depth of coding of the stimuli associated with trauma. Results The hypotheses were tested with the use of a series of correlation analyses, regression analyses with a stepwise method of entering predictors into the model, and mediation analyses with the use of the A. F. Hayes PROCESS macro. Differences were observed in the declarative level of anxiety as a state and the size of the interference effect depending on the person’s status in the accident. It was discovered that in the group of perpetrators, the longer the interference effect, the lower the declared level of anxiety as a state and they were significantly worse at remembering the stimuli associated with trauma. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms in victims and perpetrators of road traffic accidents measured by self-report questionnaires are consistent only among victims. In the case of perpetrators, an accurate measure of disorders is a study with the use of methods enabling the tracking of the functioning of unconscious processes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role in Road Traffic Accident and Anxiety as Moderators Attention Biases in Modified Emotional Stroop Test

Ścigała

Zdankiewicz-Ścigała

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…It is worth noting that the descriptive data indicated little evidence of a bias in recent survivors, whereas there appeared to be a larger bias towards threat in the PTSD group. Similarly in a Stroop task, interference effects were not correlated with acute stress symptoms in recent road trauma survivors (Coates, 2008). In contrast, using word stimuli (with 1,000 ms presentation time), Bar-Haim et al (2010) reported that in adults under current stress (experiencing rocket attacks), those closest to the attacks demonstrated a bias away from threat words which was correlated with self-reported traumarelated distress.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Bias for Threatening Information in Children Following a Distressing Medical Procedure

Nixon¹,

Brewer²,

McKinnon

et al. 2014

Australian Psychologist

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Attention bias is common in adults with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but is less studied in children. Children (n = 22) who experienced a potentially distressing procedure in an outpatient clinic (removal of K‐wires from orthopaedic fractures) and a group of medically unwell children (illness group; n = 27) were compared with healthy controls (n = 32). Children's baseline level of PTS symptoms were indexed prior to the medical procedure, and again at 1‐week follow‐up. Immediately after the K‐wire removal, children completed a dot probe task using two categories of target words (medical threatening and emotionally threatening). While K‐wire children showed an overall bias away from negative words relative to healthy controls, the illness group did not significantly differ from healthy controls. Attention bias in K‐wire and illness groups was unrelated to later PTS symptoms.

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Are neuropsychological deficits after trauma associated with ASD severity?

Suliman

Troeman

Stein

et al. 2014

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Use of the emotional Stroop to assess psychological trauma following traumatic brain injury

Abstract: Findings suggested that patients, both with and without explicit recall for an RTA, responded similarly on a task involving implicit memory for trauma. Possible implications for ASD and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder are discussed.

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The Role in Road Traffic Accident and Anxiety as Moderators Attention Biases in Modified Emotional Stroop Test

The Role in Road Traffic Accident and Anxiety as Moderators Attention Biases in Modified Emotional Stroop Test

Attention Bias for Threatening Information in Children Following a Distressing Medical Procedure

Are neuropsychological deficits after trauma associated with ASD severity?

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