Use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants with cerebral palsy: a critical review of the literature

Romeo, Domenico M.; Ricci, Daniela; Brogna, Claudia; Mercuri, Eugenio

doi:10.1111/dmcn.12876

Cited by 178 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The HINE has already been used in several clinical groups [15] and has been validated in typically developing children [9]. Using the developmental module from the HINE we were able to confirm that motor developmental milestones are only rarely acquired in type I SMA infants after the diagnosis is made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Developmental milestones in type I spinal muscular atrophy

Sanctis

Coratti

Pasternak

et al. 2016

Neuromuscular Disorders

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108

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Developmental milestones in type I spinal muscular atrophy

Sanctis

Coratti

Pasternak

et al. 2016

Neuromuscular Disorders

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108

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“…Optimal scores are defined with cut‐off values for CP at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and scores less than 40 strongly predict non‐ambulant CP. In the case of suspected hemiplegia, it is important to document the number of asymmetries as mildly affected children may score in the optimal range …”

Section: Step 2: Organise Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing cerebral palsy in full‐term infants

Morgan

Fahey

Roy

et al. 2018

J Paediatrics Child Health

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More than 50% of infants with cerebral palsy (CP) are born at or near term, with the vast majority having pre‐ or perinatally acquired CP. While some have a clinical history predictive of CP, such as neonatal encephalopathy or neonatal stroke, others have no readily identifiable risk factors. Paediatricians are often required to discriminate generalised motor delay from a variety of other diagnoses, including CP. This paper outlines known causal pathways to CP in term‐born infants with a focus on differential diagnosis. Early and accurate diagnosis is important as it allows prompt access to early intervention during the critical periods of brain development. A combination of clinical history taking, standard clinical examination, neuroimaging and genetic testing should be started at the time of referral. Attention to the investigation of common comorbidities of CP, including feeding and sleep difficulties, and referral to early intervention are recommended.

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“…Various standardized variants exist, such as the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), the Touwen Infant Neurological Examination, and the examination according to Amiel‐Tison and Grenier . From the methods mentioned, the HINE is the quickest to perform . According to the scientific literature, the HINE is also the most frequently used method internationally.…”

Section: Sinda's Neurological Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and predictive validity of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment neurological scale

Hadders‐Algra

Tacke

Pietz³

et al. 2018

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim To assess reliability and predictive validity of the neurological scale of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA), a recently developed assessment for infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months. Method To assess reliability, three assessors independently rated video‐recorded neurological assessments of 24 infants twice. Item difficulty and discrimination were determined. To evaluate predictive validity, 181 infants (median gestational age 30wks [range 22–41wks]; 92 males, 89 females) attending a non‐academic outpatient clinic were assessed with SINDA's neurological scale (28 dichotomized items). Atypical neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months or older corrected age implied a Bayley Mental Developmental Index or Psychomotor Developmental Index lower than 70 or a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). Predictive values were calculated from SINDA (2–12mo corrected age, median 3mo) and typical versus atypical outcome. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients of intrarater and interrater agreement of the neurological score varied between 0.923 and 0.965. Item difficulty and discrimination were satisfactory. At 24 months or older, 56 children (31%) had an atypical outcome (29 had CP). Atypical neurological scores (below 25th centile, ≤21) predicted atypical outcome and CP with sensitivities of 89% and 100%, and specificities of 94% and 81% respectively. Interpretation SINDA's neurological scale is reliable and in a non‐academic outpatient setting has a satisfactory predictive validity for atypical developmental outcome, including CP, at 24 months or older. What this paper adds The Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment's neurological scale has a good to excellent reliability. The scale has promising predictive validity for cerebral palsy. The scale has promising predictive validity for other types of atypical developmental outcome.

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Use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants with cerebral palsy: a critical review of the literature

Cited by 178 publications

References 30 publications

Developmental milestones in type I spinal muscular atrophy

Developmental milestones in type I spinal muscular atrophy

Diagnosing cerebral palsy in full‐term infants

Reliability and predictive validity of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment neurological scale

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