Use of the HEp‐2 cell substrate in the detection of antinuclear antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Osborn, Thomas G.; Patel, Nirupa J.; Moore, Terry L.; Zuckner, Jack

doi:10.1002/art.1780271111

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Very recently substantial progress has been made for complex chiral matrix models. Quenched [2,3] and unquenched [4] predictions for QCD have been achieved, as well as results for adjoint gauge theories and staggered two color QCD [5]. They have been successfully tested for quenched QCD [6], and our aim is to extend these results to other symmetry classes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Density profiles of small Dirac operator eigenvalues for two color QCD at nonzero chemical potential compared to matrix models

Akemann

Bittner

Lombardo

et al. 2005

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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We investigate the eigenvalue spectrum of the staggered Dirac matrix in two color QCD at finite chemical potential. The profiles of complex eigenvalues close to the origin are compared to a complex generalization of the chiral Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble, confirming its predictions for weak and strong non-Hermiticity. They differ from the QCD symmetry class with three colors by a level repulsion from both the real and imaginary axis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Density profiles of small Dirac operator eigenvalues for two color QCD at nonzero chemical potential compared to matrix models

Akemann

Bittner

Lombardo

et al. 2005

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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“…This has the correct symmetries but the fixed form of the chemical potential term makes it very difficult to calculate the eigenvalues analytically. Also it has been shown that this model has an unphysical µ dependence when it is studied at larger µ [3].A new model for QCD with a chemical potential was introduced recently [4]. This uses a different form for the Dirac matrix…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new model for QCD with a chemical potential was introduced recently [4]. This uses a different form for the Dirac matrix…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally we can remove the unphysical µ dependence at zero temperature giving a more physical model for chiral symmetry breaking with a chemical potential. By choosing an appropriate parameterization for the matrices A and B and then integrating out all angular variables the new model can be written in terms of the complex eigenvalues z k of (5) as [4] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are given in [4] which we won't reproduce here. In the microscopic limit the eigenvalue correlations from the RMT are expected to agree with QCD due to universality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Eigenvalue correlations in QCD with a chemical potential

Osborn¹

2005

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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We discuss a new Random Matrix Model for QCD with a chemical potential that is based on the symmetries of the Dirac operator and can be solved exactly for all eigenvalue correlations for any number of flavors. In the microscopic limit of small energy levels the results should be an accurate description of QCD. This new model can also be scaled so that all physical observables remain at their µ = 0 values until a first order chiral restoration transition is reached. This gives a more realistic model for the QCD phase diagram than previous RMM. We also mention how the model might aid in determining the phase diagram of QCD from future numerical simulations.It is well known that at zero chemical potential the low energy modes of QCD can be described by a chiral effective Lagrangian(1) In a finite volume and at low energy when 1/m π ≫ L (also known as the ǫ-regime) the kinetic term can be ignored and the theory reduces to simply an integration over the zero momentum part of the SU(N f ) matrix U that parameterizes the Goldstone manifold. The results then do not depend on the dynamical details of QCD but rely solely on the symmetries. In this limit the chiral effective theory can also be expressed as a Random Matrix Theory (RMT) with the appropriate chiral symmetry [1]. The partition function is given in terms of an integral over all (with a Dirac matrixThe choice of a complex matrix corresponds to a SU(N c ≥ 3) gauge field with ν the topological charge. In the microscopic limit of N going to infinity with N m held fixed the chiral RMT is equivalent to the static part of the chiral effective Lagrangian. The RMT form of the effective theory, however, is better suited for studying the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator.Here we want to examine the extension of the chiral RMT to include a baryon chemical potential. In this case a Hermitian term µγ 0 is added to the anti-Hermitian / D. The eigenvalues of the Dirac operator become spread out in the complex plane and this gives rise to a sign problem that hinders numerical investigations.One model considered previously by Stephanov [2] used the Dirac matrixwhere the chemical potential µ is multiplied by an identity matrix. This has the correct symmetries but the fixed form of the chemical potential term makes it very difficult to calculate the eigenvalues analytically. Also it has been shown that this model has an unphysical µ dependence when it is studied at larger µ [3].A new model for QCD with a chemical potential was introduced recently [4]. This uses a different form for the Dirac matrixwhere the chemical potential part is now also modeled with a Gaussian random matrix B. This model still has the correct symmetries and can be solved for all eigenvalue correlations analytically. Additionally we can remove the unphysical µ dependence at zero temperature giving a more physical model for chiral symmetry breaking with a chemical potential.

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