Use of the Randox Evidence Investigator immunoassay system for near-body drug screening during post-mortem examination in 261 forensic cases

McLaughlin, Poppy; Maskell, Peter; Pounder, Derrick J.; Osselton, David

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.018

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To date, immunoassays on the market allow the screening of classes of illicit drugs in blood, urine, oral fluid, hair and tissue [24]. In this context, there is the need to define an analytical workflow, regarding both screening tests and confirmation analysis, to handle bile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, several immunoassays on the market, including the one used in this work, rely on an innovative biochip array technology and employ antibodies immobilized in predefined regions on the biochip to make chemiluminescence reactions occur, leading to a final qualitative result [24]. Screening tests with this technique are easy, fast (not more than 25 min) and allow simultaneous drug identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noteworthy, the confirmation analysis consists in a LC-MS/MS method previously developed and validated on bile matrix, allowing one to quantify drugs of abuse with accuracy [26]; therefore, the comparison between the screening test and the confirmation analysis has great reliability thanks to the employment of the same biological matrix to construct calibrators, dissimilar to a previous study (McLaughlin et al, 2019). Furthermore, our confirmation analysis employed a unique LC-MS/MS method and is able to assess the presence of a large number of drugs of abuse in a chromatographic run, differently from what was observed in previous studies [24,25,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay to Screen Postmortem Bile Specimens and Its Agreement with Confirmation Analysis

Franzin,

Ruoso,

Concato

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Bile has emerged as an alternative matrix for toxicological investigation of drugs in suspected forensic cases of overdose in adults and intoxications in children. Toxicological investigation consists in screening and, subsequently, confirming the result with specific techniques, such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). As there is no screening test on the market to test postmortem bile specimens, the novelty of this study was in investigating the applicability of a chemiluminescence immunoassay, designed for other matrices and available on the market, on bile and validate its use, testing the agreement with LC-MS/MS analysis. Bile specimens were obtained from 25 forensic cases of suspected death from overdose and intoxication. Sample preparation for bile screening consists simply in centrifugation and dilution. Confirmation analysis allows simultaneous identification of 108 drugs and was validated on bile. Kappa analysis assessed a perfect agreement (0.81–1) between the assays for benzodiazepines, methadone, opiates, cocaine, oxycodone, cannabinoids, buprenorphine and pregabalin; a substantial agreement (0.41–0.6) was reported for barbiturates. No agreement was assessed for amphetamines, due to an abundance of putrefactive amines in postmortem specimens. In conclusion, this fast and easy immunoassay could be used for initial screening of bile specimens, identifying presence of drugs, except amphetamines, with reliability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay to Screen Postmortem Bile Specimens and Its Agreement with Confirmation Analysis

Franzin,

Ruoso,

Concato

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Vehicle drivers are important contributors to the economy of every country and also, they are a more stressed working population due to irregular working schedules, night shifts, being distant from families for long periods, short deadlines, etc. The stressful conditions forced them to use psychoactive substances for reducing sleepiness during the trips and increasing their willingness to work and socialize (McLaughlin et al, 2019). The use of such harmful substances affects the functionality of the brain, which may cause threats to the individual and society.…”

Section: Challenges In Detecting Nps In the Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-collection testing for screening of psychoactive substances among drivers of Kerala, India

Prasad

C.V.

Jayesh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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One of the important risk factors for road traffic crashes is driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). This study aimed to check the prevalence of drugs of abuse (DOA) among the goods carriage drivers associated with the southern state of India, Kerala. Roadside point-of-collection testing (POCT) of oral fluid collected from the participants on the major highways was done using the Evidence MultiSTAT DOA Oral Fluid II Assay kits and the Evidence MultiSTAT analyzer. Out of the total samples (n= 249), 53 (21.29%) were positive for one or more DOA. A high prevalence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (10.04%) and synthetic cannabinoids were detected in the samples. The use of ketamine, alpha-PVP, LSD, methamphetamine, opiate, 6-MAM, benzodiazepines I, methadone, PCP, tramadol, and amphetamine were also detected in oral fluid samples and their frequency of use was ranging between 4.02-0.80%. Confirmatory analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed excellent agreement with the results of the screening test. This was the first qualitative study conducted among drivers in India for the detection of DOA. Scientific studies are crucial for assessing the effectiveness of strategies for reducing psychoactive substance use by drivers before or while driving.

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“…Separation methods based on capillary electrophoresis have also been explored for drug testing in VH such as a capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection method published by Costa et al [172]. Besides instrumental separation methods, immunoassays applied in the analysis of other biological fluids have also been explored for VH [170,[186][187][188][189].…”

Section: Vitreous Humormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative matrices in forensic toxicology: a critical review

et al. 2021

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Purpose The use of alternative matrices in toxicological analyses has been on the rise in clinical and forensic settings. Specimens alternative to blood and urine are useful in providing additional information regarding drug exposure and analytical benefits. The goal of this paper is to present a critical review on the most recent literature regarding the application of six common alternative matrices, i.e., oral fluid, hair, sweat, meconium, breast milk and vitreous humor in forensic toxicology. Methods The recent literature have been searched and reviewed for the characteristics, advantages and limitations of oral fluid, hair, sweat, meconium, breast milk and vitreous humor and its applications in the analysis of traditional drugs of abuse and novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Results This paper outlines the properties of six biological matrices that have been used in forensic analyses, as alternatives to whole blood and urine specimens. Each of this matrix has benefits in regards to sampling, extraction, detection window, typical drug levels and other aspects. However, theses matrices have also limitations such as limited incorporation of drugs (according to physical–chemical properties), impossibility to correlate the concentrations for effects, low levels of xenobiotics and ultimately the need for more sensitive analysis. For more traditional drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine and amphetamines), there are already data available on the detection in alternative matrices. However, data on the determination of emerging drugs such as the NPS in alternative biological matrices are more limited. Conclusions Alternative biological fluids are important specimens in forensic toxicology. These matrices have been increasingly reported over the years, and this dynamic will probably continue in the future, especially considering their inherent advantages and the possibility to be used when blood or urine are unavailable. However, one should be aware that these matrices have limitations and particular properties, and the findings obtained from the analysis of these specimens may vary according to the type of matrix. As a potential perspective in forensic toxicology, the topic of alternative matrices will be continuously explored, especially emphasizing NPS.

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Use of the Randox Evidence Investigator immunoassay system for near-body drug screening during post-mortem examination in 261 forensic cases

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Applicability of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay to Screen Postmortem Bile Specimens and Its Agreement with Confirmation Analysis

Applicability of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay to Screen Postmortem Bile Specimens and Its Agreement with Confirmation Analysis

Point-of-collection testing for screening of psychoactive substances among drivers of Kerala, India

Alternative matrices in forensic toxicology: a critical review

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