Use of the water quality index and multivariate analysis to assess groundwater quality for drinking purpose in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka

Water quality monitoring and assessment in coastal lagoons: Developing a protocol using a case study in Sainthamaruthu lagoon, Sri Lanka

“…Though the multivariate statistics method is used as an imperative tool in designing water quality monitoring program, its application mainly focuses on monitoring and assessing the water quality in groundwater in the context of Sri Lanka (Balasooriya et al, 2021;Ganegoda et al, 2018;Karangoda & Nanayakkara, 2023;Meegahakumbura et al, 2023). Furthermore, multivariate analysis was employed to a certain extent in monitoring the surface water.…”

Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in the Upper Piedmont Area of Haridwar, India

“…In most countries, many researchers used these techniques to evaluate the water quality status and obtained good results, which helps in maintaining and enhancing water quality. ,, Gitika et al and Sathe et al , evaluated the prevalence of arsenic, iron, and fluoride mobilization and the effect on groundwater quality near Brahmaputra floodplain in northeastern India using various techniques such as PCA, a Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, etc. Similarly, Karangoda and Nanayakkara assessed the groundwater quality for the purpose of drinking in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka, using similar techniques, while Nsabimana et al used the gray Markov model to determine the total hardness of the groundwater of the Guanzhong Plain, China.…”

“…Nevertheless, conserving groundwater aquifers is one of the most challenging tasks in preventing a drinking water crisis in the near future. − Most developed and developing countries are seriously affected by these problems and are working on restoring groundwater aquifers. − The depletion of groundwater quality via organic and inorganic pollutants will certainly have ill effects on humans, flora, and fauna. − Some recent studies reported various diseases, namely, hypertension, dental fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, seizures, epilepsy, neurological disorders, cardiovascular malfunction, kidney disorders, and carcinogenicity. − Therefore, collecting information related to water quality monitoring, the status of water resources, water types, and contributing factors that degrade quality is essential for management of groundwater aquifers. , Various techniques for assessing the status of water quality are available, including the water quality index (WQI), which can be used to determine water quality for both drinking and irrigation purposes. , For the evaluation of groundwater types, the responsible geogenic process that regulates the hydrochemistry can be determined by using the piper trilinear diagram method, Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, Durov plot, etc. , However, several statistical techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and discriminant analysis (DA), are utilized to assess the responsible factors or elements that degrade groundwater quality. − Here, some specific tools, namely CA, convert the huge set of data into groups or indices with similar characteristics, while PCA transforms the larger set of data into a simple data structure. , These techniques help in the assessment of water quality status for drinking and irrigation purposes. In most countries, many researchers used these techniques to evaluate the water quality status and obtained good results, which helps in maintaining and enhancing water quality. ,, Gitika et al and Sathe et al , evaluated the prevalence of arsenic, iron, and fluoride mobilization and the effect on groundwater quality near Brahmaputra floodplain in northeastern India using various techniques such as PCA, a Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, etc.…”

“…27,28,40 Gitika et al 16 and Sathe et al 8,9 evaluated the prevalence of arsenic, iron, and fluoride mobilization and the effect on groundwater quality near Brahmaputra floodplain in northeastern India using various techniques such as PCA, a Gibbs diagram, cation exchange, etc. Similarly, Karangoda and Nanayakkara 24 assessed the groundwater quality for the purpose of drinking in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka, using similar techniques, while Nsabimana et al 6 used the gray Markov model to determine the total hardness of the groundwater of the Guanzhong Plain, China. Today, the GIS technique is used to evaluate an area's variation in groundwater quality through the geospatial maps created using inverse distance-weighted (IDW) and Choropleth zonation techniques.…”

Ant Colony Based Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Spatial and Temporal Variation in Groundwater Quality

“…Ingestion of contaminated groundwater can cause severe health effects and can also cause chronic health conditions such as cancer [40,41]. Thus, groundwater quality assessment and monitoring are necessary considering the potential risk of groundwater contamination and its effects on suitability for human consumption [42][43][44][45]. Hence, water quality monitoring plays an important role in water resources management.…”