Use of Thermography and Ultrasound for the Quality Control of SMC Lightweight Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber Tapes

Zaiß, Marielouise; Jank, Merle-Hendrikje; Netzelmann, U.; Waschkies, Thomas; Rabe, U.; Herrmann, Hans–Georg; Thompson, Michael R.; Lanza, Gisela

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2016.06.039

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although some effort has been made to characterise out-of-plane wrinkling inside continuous fibre reinforced composites with focussed probes 4,5 and laser ultrasound methods. 6 Some success for in-plane orientation measurement has also been reported using active thermography and ultrasonic spectroscopy with guided Lamb waves, 7 but was specific to a glass fibre sheet moulded compound (SMC) material reinforced by carbon fibre tapes. Other research has considered radio frequency eddy current technologies and 2 D Fast Fourier transforms to non-destructively analyse the texture and orientation of woven carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) for quality assurance purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis

Pierce

Liu

2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This work focusses on understanding and exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites for the non-destructive determination of fibre orientation and surface defects. By taking a series of images under different lighting conditions, fibre reflections have been isolated and MATLAB image analysis has been used to calculate the fibre orientations across the surface of the composite. An average peak method has been developed and validated against manual orientation measurements for two different applications: a machined scarf repair surface and a discontinuous fibre composite. The same experimental method and analysis code showed good results for both cases without modification, when at least 16 images with different directional lighting conditions are used. Hence, this low-cost approach can be applied to a diverse range of quality assurance and research applications where fibre orientations or other surface details need to be characterised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis

Pierce

Liu

2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…The authors applied two techniques, thermography and ultrasound, for identifying processinduced defects (misaligned fibers and microstructural changes, air inclusions, delamination). 12 Following the designation proposed by Shirinbayan et al, 4,5 this new class of SMC is referred to as advanced carbon-sheet molding compound (AC-SMC). Hence, the combination of vinyl-ester thermoset resin and short bundles of carbon fibers has a higher ratio of stiffness-to-density than steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of anisotropy on a carbon fiber sheet molding compound composite under quasi-static and fatigue loading

Nony-Davadie

Peltier

Chemisky

et al. 2018

Journal of Composite Materials

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The paper presents an experimental analysis of the anisotropic effects of the structural advanced carbon fiber sheet molding compound composites (AC-SMCs) subjected to quasi-static and fatigue loading. Two configurations of AC-SMC composites (randomly oriented and highly oriented) considering three different orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) with respect to the material thermo-compression flow direction are investigated under quasi-static and fatigue tensile loading. The effects of fibers orientation induced by the thermo-compression process are analyzed in terms of ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and macroscopic damage corresponding to the stiffness reduction, and related to the quasi-static and fatigue behavior. For both loading conditions, the macroscopic damage of AC-SMC randomly oriented exhibits a two-stage evolution without any damage saturation prior to the samples' failure. In addition, the difference between the highly oriented and randomly oriented configurations is pronounced especially for the 45° and 90° orientations. Post-mortem X-ray radiography and SEM observations show that damage mechanisms such as microcracks appear between and inside bundles, and their occurrence depends on the sample orientation. Experimental findings are compared with those of an equivalent advanced glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compounds composite. The degree of anisotropy is more pronounced for AC-SMC. Indeed, the dependency of the behavior during the manufacturing process induces orientation. Furthermore, the damage evolutions of the two types of SMCs have displayed different kinetics, especially for the saturation stage which is not observed for the AC-SMC composite.

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“…The hybrid SMC composites, containing both glass and carbon bundles, is a modern idea that very recently attracted the composite suppliers industry. The hybridization process can consider glass and other types of fibers, like carbon (Palmer et al, 2010;Zaiß et al, 2017;Trauth et al, 2018) or natural ones (Sanjay and Yogesha, 2017). The usual SMC glass fiber reinforced composites have been extensively studied and have practically reached their limit in terms of mechanical performance.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical micromechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior coupled to damage in SMC and SMC-hybrid composites

Anagnostou

Chatzigeorgiou

Chemisky

et al. 2018

Composites Part B: Engineering

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study, through a multiscale analysis, the viscoelastic behavior of glass reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) composites and SMC-hybrid composites mixing two types of bundle reinforcement: glass and carbon fibers. SMC exhibit more than two distinct characteristic length scales, so that a sequence of scale transitions is required to obtain the overall behavior of the composite. An analytical procedure is used consisting of properly selected well-established micromechanical methods like the Mori-Tanaka (MTM) and the composite cylinders (CCM) accounting for each scale transition. After selecting a representative volume element (RVE) for each scale, the material response of any given length scale is described on the basis of the homogenized behavior of the next finer one. This hierarchical approach is appropriately extended to the viscoelastic domain to account for the time dependent overall response of the SMC composite material. The anisotropic damage has been introduced through a micromechanical model considering matrix penny-shape microcrack density inside bundles. The capabilities of the hierarchical modeling are illustrated with various parametric studies and simulation of experimental data for glass-based SMC composites.

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Use of Thermography and Ultrasound for the Quality Control of SMC Lightweight Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber Tapes

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis

Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis

Mechanical characterization of anisotropy on a carbon fiber sheet molding compound composite under quasi-static and fatigue loading

Hierarchical micromechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior coupled to damage in SMC and SMC-hybrid composites

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