Use of thermography for the diagnosis of chronic proliferative rhinitis in sheep and its application in the differential diagnosis of the first case affecting the dorsal turbinate

Abstract

Chronic proliferative rhinitis (CPR) is a fatal prognosis upper respiratory tract disease that affects sheep and is associated with Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serotype 61:k:1, 5, (7). It may be unilateral or bilateral, and although minor changes have been seen in dorsal turbinate, the ventral turbinate is always affected, which makes it possible to observe the proliferative tissue emerging from the nares.The following publication describes the case of an ewe severely affected by a bilateral inflammatory process of the upper respiratory tract. S enterica subspecies diarizonae was isolated from nasal swabs; however, the hottest area observed by a thermal imaging camera was not the ventral area, as usually seen in this process, but the middle area, where the dorsal turbinate is located. In addition, no proliferative tissue was seen through the nostril. At postmortem examination, it was confirmed that CPR seriously affected, for the first time, the dorsal turbinate and ethmoidal areas. Thermographic cameras are useful tools for the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases in sheep.

Radiography, CT, and MRI Diagnosis of Enzootic Nasal Tumor in Goats Infected With Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus

“…The main lesion of the nasal cavity in these diseases may look like a space-occupying lesion. In chronic proliferative rhinitis sheep, swollen ventral, dorsal and ethmoidal nasal concha can be observed with CT ( 26 ), but the lesions are mostly located in the ventral nasal concha and are rare in the ethmoid bone unlike ENA ( 13 ).…”

Use of Computed Tomography and Thermography for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders in Adult Sheep

“…The section of the turbinate shows a proliferative tissue that is usually composed of multiple small white or yellow polypoid structures covered by mucus, although, sometimes, only a thickening of the mucosa [4]. Occasionally, the dorsal and medium turbinates may also be affected [8].…”

Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae Serotype 61:k:1:5:(7) a Host Adapted to Sheep

“…Gram staining reveals the presence of numerous gram-negative bacilli within many epithelial cells, and Samonella immunohistochemistry reveals intracellular dot or rod formations inside proliferating epithelial cells and macrophages [17,24,29]. Although CPR generally produces a proliferative inflammation of the ventral nasal turbinates, recently it was described for the first time the affection of the dorsal turbinate and ethmoidal areas in an adult sheep [35].…”