Use of tobacco retail permitting to reduce youth access and exposure to tobacco in Santa Clara County, California

Coxe, Nicole; Webber, Whitney; Burkhart, Janie; Broderick, Bonnie; Yeager, Ken; Jones, Laura; Fenstersheib, Marty

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.01.023

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Local policy interventions to limit tobacco outlet density typically focus on limiting outlet proximity to schools 3, 30, 40 . However, results of this study suggest that state and local policies to reduce tobacco outlet density should not focus on outlets near schools exclusively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Schleicher

Johnson

Fortmann

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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This study examined whether living or going to school in neighborhoods with higher tobacco outlet density is associated with higher odds of cigarette smoking among teens, and with perceptions of greater smoking prevalence and peer approval. Using an Internet panel that is representative of US households, we matched data from teen-parent pairs (n=2,771, surveyed June 2011– December 2012) with environmental data about home and school neighborhoods. Density was measured as the number of tobacco outlets per square mile for a ½-mile roadway service area around each participant’s home and school. Logistic regressions tested relationships between tobacco outlet density near home and schools with ever smoking. Linear regressions tested relationships between density, perceived prevalence and peer approval. Models were adjusted for teen, parent/household and neighborhood characteristics. In total, 41.0% of US teens (ages 13–16) lived within ½ mile of a tobacco outlet, and 44.4% attended school within 1,000 feet of a tobacco outlet. Higher tobacco outlet density near home was associated with higher odds of ever smoking, although the relationship was small, OR=1.01, 95% CI (1.00,1.02). Higher tobacco outlet density near home was also associated with perceptions that more adults smoked, coef.=0.09, 95% CI (0.01,0.17). Higher tobacco outlet density near schools was not associated with any outcomes. Living in neighborhoods with higher tobacco outlet density may contribute to teen smoking by increasing access to tobacco products and by cultivating perceptions that smoking is more prevalent. Policy interventions to restrict tobacco outlet density should not be limited to school environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Schleicher

Johnson

Fortmann

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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show abstract

“…Given the lack of tobacco control interventions that reduce disparities, 88 identifying pro-equity interventions is an important area of future research. Policy interventions [89][90][91] to limit the density of tobacco retailers should be assessed for their impact on LGB tobacco use disparities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship Between the Concentration of Same-Sex Couples and Tobacco Retailer Density?

Lee¹,

Pan²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Background: Tobacco use is markedly higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations than heterosexuals. Higher density of tobacco retailers is found in neighborhoods with lower income and more racial/ethnic minorities. Same-sex couples tend to live in similar neighborhoods, but the association of this demographic with tobacco retailer density has not been examined. Methods: For a national sample of 97 US counties, we calculated the number of tobacco retailers per 1000 persons and rates of same-sex couples per 1000 households in each census tract (n = 17 941). Using spatial regression, we examined the association of these variables in sex-stratified models, including neighborhood demographics and other environmental characteristics to examine confounding. Results: Results from spatial regression show that higher rates of both female and male same-sex couples were associated with a higher density of tobacco retailers. However the magnitude of this association was small. For female couples, the association was not significant after controlling for area-level characteristics, such as percent black, percent Hispanic, median household income, the presence of interstate highways, and urbanicity, which are neighborhood correlates of higher tobacco retailer density. For male couples, the association persisted after control for these characteristics. Conclusion: Same-sex couples reside in areas with higher tobacco retailer density, and for men, this association was not explained by neighborhood confounders, such as racial/ethnic composition and income. While lesbian, gay, and bisexual disparities in tobacco use may be influenced by neighborhood environment, the magnitude of the association suggests other explanations of these disparities remain important areas of research.

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“…Past research on the effects of licensing shows benefits in promotion of compliance with youth access regulations [29]. In places where vape shop licensing exists, using multiple online sources may be used to check compliance with licensing provisions by identifying businesses that may have opened without obtaining a license.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Vape Shops in Two North Carolina Counties: An Approach for States without Retailer Licensing

Lee

D’Angelo

Kuteh

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Stores that sell electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as their primary product are a new phenomenon and often termed “vape shops”. While vape shops are now regulated by state and federal agencies, not all states maintain lists of vape shops in operation. Standard ways of identifying tobacco retailers through off-premise alcohol permits and business listing services may not identify vape shops. We used four online business listing services (i.e., Google Maps, ReferenceUSA, YellowPages.com, Yelp) to identify vape shops in two counties in North Carolina (NC). In one county, we also assessed four vaping web sites. We drove primary and secondary roads to physically validate the identified stores and attempt to identify stores not listed online. To assess the accuracy of the online searches, we calculated sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs). This research was conducted in spring and summer 2016 and identified 28 vape shops online. We confirmed 16 vape shops (seven in Pitt County, NC, USA, and nine in Durham County, NC, USA). Online searches ranged in sensitivity, 62.5%–81.3%, and PPVs ranged from 73.3% to 92.3%. Because of the range of sensitivity found among the business listing services, state policymakers should consider uniform licensing requirements for vape and tobacco retailers to more easily track retailers and ensure compliance with regulations.

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Use of tobacco retail permitting to reduce youth access and exposure to tobacco in Santa Clara County, California

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Tobacco outlet density near home and school: Associations with smoking and norms among US teens

Is There a Relationship Between the Concentration of Same-Sex Couples and Tobacco Retailer Density?

Identification of Vape Shops in Two North Carolina Counties: An Approach for States without Retailer Licensing

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