Use of tylvalosin in the control of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Pallarés, F. J.; Lasa, Carlos I.; Roozen, M.; Ramis, G.

doi:10.1136/vetreco-2014-000079

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the e cacy of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines in reducing lung lesions [26] and bacterial load from the respiratory tract [27], they are not capable to fully eliminate the bacteria from the animal giving rise to typical MLL in a variable percentage of pigs at abattoir in different countries [10,14,16,17]. To corroborate the usefulness of a mycoplasma-like scoring system to be adapted to abattoirs with a high number of slaughtered pigs per hour we investigated the prevalence of mycoplasma lung lesions in Spain and Portugal in a study with an elevated number of pigs (199,678) involving a high number of farms (221).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Mycoplasma-like Lung Lesions in Pigs From Commercial Farms From Spain and Portugal

Pallarés

Añón²,

Rodríguez-Gómez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes a chronic respiratory disease that produces important economic losses due to poor productive performance, increased mortality and increased costs due to treatment and control. The prevalence of mycoplasma-like lesions (MLL) at abattoir has been widely studied in different countries and different scoring systems have been used. However, most of them are difficult to apply in case of abattoirs with high number of pigs sacrificed per hour. For that reason, it is necessary to adapt the scoring system to the reality of the modern abattoir even if there is a loss of accuracy. Our purpose was to validate a mycoplasma-like scoring system at abattoirs with a high number of pigs per hour in Spain and Portugal using the histopathological diagnosis as confirmatory method to identify pattern of pneumonia correlated to gross lesion. Results: Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (MLL) was the most frequent lung lesion (30.97 %) detected at the abattoir, followed by dorsocaudal infarcts with pleurisy (12.51 %) and pleurisy alone (6.26 %). The average score calculated for all lungs examined at abattoir was 1.99 out of 5 points. The histopathological study revealed that the 78.17 % of the lungs with MLL randomly selected presented microscopic lesions compatible with M. hyopneumoniae infection. Most bronchointerstitial and interstitial pneumonia lesions had a chronic course while most suppurative and fibrinous bronchopneumonia lesions had an acute course and a higher degree of severity. The combination of microscopic lesions more frequently observed was bronchointerstitial pneumonia + interstitial pneumonia + suppurative bronchopneumonia. The average loss of ADWG calculated for all pigs included in the study according the extension of the lung lesions was 22.33 g/day.Conclusions: The prevalence of MLL at abattoir was 30.97% but the microscopic examination of a sample of randomly selected lungs indicated that the real prevalence of lungs with lesions compatible with M. hyopneumoniae infection would be reduced to 24.21 %. The average score of MLL using a 0 to 5 points was 1.99 and the average loss of ADWG associated to those lesions was 22.33 g/day. The result of our study supports the importance of M. hyopneumoniae as primary pathogen in cases of PRDC.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is reported that the prevalence of mycoplasma-like lesions (MLL) at abattoir raging from 23.85% in Belgium to 72.60% in Germany, with a high variation among countries [9,10,13,14,15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycoplasma-like Lung Lesions in Pigs From Commercial Farms From Spain and Portugal

Pallarés

Añón²,

Rodríguez-Gómez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…hyopneumoniae infection affects especially growing pigs, causing significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, by chronic cough, growth retardation and predisposing animals to secondary infections [3–6]. Improvement of the management system and the environmental conditions of pig farms are essential parts of the control strategies just like vaccination and antibiotic treatment [4,7,8]. As vaccination alone is not always effective enough to prevent colonisation of the respiratory tract [9], antibiotic treatment might be necessary [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates from Central Europe for fifteen antibiotics by microbroth dilution method

Felde¹,

Kreizinger²,

Sulyok³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections are responsible for significant economic losses in the swine industry. Commercially available vaccines are not able to inhibit the colonisation of the respiratory tract by M. hyopneumoniae absolutely, therefore vaccination can be completed with antibiotic treatment to moderate clinical signs and improve performances of the animals. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of M. hyopneumoniae is time-consuming and complicated; therefore, it is not accomplished routinely. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to 15 different antibiotics of M. hyopneumoniae isolates originating from Hungarian slaughterhouses and to examine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes affecting susceptibility to antimicrobials. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the examined antibiotics against 44 M. hyopneumoniae strains were determined by microbroth dilution method. While all of the tested antibiotics were effective against the majority of the studied strains, high MIC values of fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin 2.5 μg/ml; marbofloxacin 5 μg/ml) were observed against one strain (MycSu17) and extremely high MIC values of macrolides and lincomycin (tilmicosin, tulathromycin and lincomycin >64 μg/ml; gamithromycin 64 μg/ml; tylosin 32 μg/ml and tylvalosin 2 μg/ml) were determined against another, outlier strain (MycSu18). Amino acid changes in the genes gyrA (Gly81Ala; Ala83Val; Glu87Gly, according to Escherichia coli numbering) and parC (Ser80Phe/Tyr; Asp84Asn) correlated with decreased antibiotic susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and a SNP in the nucleotide sequence of the 23S rRNA (A2059G) was found to be associated with increased MIC values of macrolides. The correlation was more remarkable when final MIC values were evaluated. This study presented the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of M. hyopneumoniae strains circulating in the Central European region, demonstrating the high in vitro efficacy of the tested agents. The observed high MIC values correlated with the SNPs in the examined regions and support the relevance of susceptibility testing and directed antibiotic therapy.

show abstract

“…Tylvalosin is currently used to control respiratory and enteric bacterial infections in poultry and swine against pathogens such as Mycoplasma sp. ( 43 , 44 ). Tylvalosin was recently found to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing NF-κB, the transcription factor leading to the synthesis of potent pro-inflammatory mediators, such as CXCL-8 (also known as IL-8), in models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice or in piglets infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) ( 42 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Antibiotics: Tylvalosin Induces Apoptosis of Porcine Neutrophils and Macrophages, Promotes Efferocytosis, and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory CXCL-8, IL1α, and LTB4 Production, While Inducing the Release of Pro-Resolving Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D1

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excessive accumulation of neutrophils and their uncontrolled death by necrosis at the site of inflammation exacerbates inflammatory responses and leads to self-amplifying tissue injury and loss of organ function, as exemplified in a variety of respiratory diseases. In homeostasis, neutrophils are inactivated by apoptosis, and non phlogistically removed by neighboring macrophages in a process known as efferocytosis, which promotes the resolution of inflammation. The present study assessed the potential anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution benefits of tylvalosin, a recently developed broad-spectrum veterinary macrolide derived from tylosin. Recent findings indicate that tylvalosin may modulate inflammation by suppressing NF-κB activation. Neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages were isolated from fresh blood samples obtained from 12- to 22-week-old pigs. Leukocytes exposed to vehicle or to tylvalosin (0.1, 1.0, or 10 µg/mL; 0.096–9.6 µM) were assessed at various time points for apoptosis, necrosis, efferocytosis, and changes in the production of cytokines and lipid mediators. The findings indicate that tylvalosin increases porcine neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, without altering levels of necrosis or reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, tylvalosin increased the release of pro-resolving Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and Resolvin D1 (RvD1) while inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in Ca2+ ionophore-stimulated porcine neutrophils. Tylvalosin increased neutrophil phospholipase C activity, an enzyme involved in releasing arachidonic acid from membrane stores. Tylvalosin also inhibited pro-inflammatory chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL-8, also known as Interleukin-8) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) protein secretion in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Together, these data illustrate that tylvalosin has potent immunomodulatory effects in porcine leukocytes in addition to its antimicrobial properties.

show abstract

Use of tylvalosin in the control of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of Mycoplasma-like Lung Lesions in Pigs From Commercial Farms From Spain and Portugal

Prevalence of Mycoplasma-like Lung Lesions in Pigs From Commercial Farms From Spain and Portugal

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates from Central Europe for fifteen antibiotics by microbroth dilution method

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Antibiotics: Tylvalosin Induces Apoptosis of Porcine Neutrophils and Macrophages, Promotes Efferocytosis, and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory CXCL-8, IL1α, and LTB4 Production, While Inducing the Release of Pro-Resolving Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About