Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Hildebrandt, Thomas B.; Saragusty, Joseph

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7397-8.00076-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In our study, we used state-of-the-art HR-US equipment and two transducers with a frequency range up to 17 and 22 MHz, respectively, which provided excellent quality images from the skin to 3–5 cm deep, while the transducers previously used in similar studies had lower frequency ranges [ 14 , 16 , 17 , 37 ]. The high technical characteristics of the HR-US equipment and transducers used in this study can explain the discrepancies with previous studies on the feasibility of ultrasonography to visualize testes and ovaries in anurans, as pointed out in studies pertaining to reptiles [ 38 ]. In comparison with other imaging techniques, HR-US has clear advantages, such as the good differentiation of soft tissue structures, its relatively low cost and wide availability in veterinary and zoo institutions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Sex Determination in Two Species of Anuran Amphibians by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Techniques

Ruiz-Fernández

Jiménez

Fernández-Valle

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether gender determination in two amphibian species (Kaloula pulchra and Xenopus laevis) can be reliably carried out by means of magnetic resonance imaging (benchtop magnetic resonance imaging; BT-MRI) or ultrasound (high-resolution ultrasound; HR-US) techniques. Two species of healthy, sexually mature anurans have been used in the present study. Eight Kaloula (blind study) and six Xenopus were used as controls. Magnetic resonance imaging experiments were carried out on a low-field (1 Tesla) benchtop-MRI (BT-MRI) system. HR-US examination was performed with high-resolution equipment. Low-field BT-MRI images provided a clear and quantifiable identification of all the sexual organs present in both genders and species. The HR-US also allowed the identification of testes and ovaries in both species. Results indicate that BT-MRI allowed a very precise sex identification in both anuran species, although its use is limited by the cost of the equipment and the need for anesthesia. HR-US allowed an accurate identification of ovaries of both species whereas a precise identification of testes is limited by the ultrasonographer experience. The main advantages of this technique are the possibility of performing it without anesthesia and the higher availability of equipment in veterinary and zoo institutions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Sex Determination in Two Species of Anuran Amphibians by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Techniques

Ruiz-Fernández

Jiménez

Fernández-Valle

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Fasting may have improved visualization of these areas. 8 The main limitation of the study was the small sample size (7) and small weight range (14-25 kg), given as the maximum recorded weight of EGKs can reach up to 90 kg in males and 40 kg in females. 19 The variance within some parameters may be explained by this limitation and ultrasonographic examination may be more limited in larger macropods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that ultrasonography may have detected underlying conditions such as blunt abdominal trauma, edema, tumors, inhalational thermal injuries, pulmonary lesions, nephropathy, and myocarditis. 6,7 Ultrasonography is a valuable imaging modality and provides a non-invasive, versatile, and relatively accessible diagnostic tool for veterinarians. 8 Accurate interpretation requires an understanding of the normal anatomy to aid with the recognition of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thousands of animals were treated, many of which also succumbed. It is possible that ultrasonography may have detected underlying conditions such as blunt abdominal trauma, edema, tumors, inhalational thermal injuries, pulmonary lesions, nephropathy, and myocarditis 6,7 . Ultrasonography is a valuable imaging modality and provides a non‐invasive, versatile, and relatively accessible diagnostic tool for veterinarians 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary tract, adrenal glands, spleen, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal tract in juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

Barkman,

Connolly,

Dutton

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The purpose of this prospective and anatomic study was to describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the kidneys, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, spleen, liver, gall bladder, and gastrointestinal tract in healthy juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). As ultrasonographic descriptions are lacking in marsupial species, it was also conducted to develop a systematic approach for abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation in the kangaroo and to provide preliminary quantitative and qualitative references. Ten macropod cadavers (eight eastern grey kangaroos and two swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor)) were used for initial dissections and preliminary ultrasonographic examinations. Seven eastern grey kangaroos (four females and three males; mean mass 18 kg (±4.5)) were ultrasonographically examined under heavy sedation in lateral recumbency. The gaseous forestomach occupied a large proportion of the entire abdomen ultrasonographically; therefore, the majority of cranial landmarks were based on an intercostal approach comparable to a deep-chested dog. Compared to domestic species, ultrasonographic differences in anatomy include the forestomach, hindstomach, liver orientation, distinguishable adrenal glands, splenic branching, and epipubic bones, all of which were described. The study was limited by the small sample size (7) and weight range (14-25 kg). The systematic approach and description of the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the abdominal organs in the eastern grey kangaroo should provide a foundation for the ultrasonographic diagnosis and interpretation of abdominal disease in this species.

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“…Therefore, because the health status of gorals is directly related to survival, accurate disease diagnosis is required through history taking, physical examination, heart murmur evaluation, and various imaging diagnoses, including thoracic radiography and echocardiography (10,13,15,18). Thoracic radiography contributes significantly to a cardiovascular evaluation in most animals and is often the first diagnostic imaging technique essential for suspected cardiac disease (6,7,11,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic Evaluation of Vertebral Heart Scale and Caudal Vena Cava Size Useful for Diagnosing Cardiac Diseases in Endangered Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus)

Ahn

Shin²,

Han³

et al. 2023

J Vet Clin

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Although various imaging evaluation methods have been developed and utilized, thoracic radiography remains essential and is the top priority for diagnosing and managing cardiac diseases. Thoracic radiographic measurements associated with the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and caudal vena cava (CVC) can objectively diagnose cardiac disease in many animals. In particular, VHS measurement is primarily used to evaluate the dimensions of the heart size on thoracic radiographs and can measure cardiomegaly more objectively. Additionally, the value of the CVC compared with the aorta (Ao) and the length of vertebrae (VL) can be used as valuable parameters in right congestive heart failure. To describe the CVC/Ao and CVC/VL ratios in 10 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) without subjective radiographic evidence of cardiac diseases. The VHS, CVC, Ao, and VL of gorals were measured in the right lateral (RL) view of the thoracic radiographs. In the RL view of 10 gorals, the VHS was 9.31 ± 0.55 vertebrae (v), the CVC/Ao ratio was 0.84 ± 0.13, and the CVC/VL ratio was 0.67 ± 0.09. Additionally, the thoracic morphology of gorals was determined to be intermediate (thoracic depth-to-width ratio, 1.04 ± 0.09, 0.75-1.25). This study confirmed that VHS was significantly correlated with CVC and Ao, and measuring and comparing each value would help diagnose cardiac diseases in gorals. The radiographic measurements in this study will allow veterinarians to diagnose several cardiac diseases in gorals.

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Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Sex Determination in Two Species of Anuran Amphibians by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Techniques

Sex Determination in Two Species of Anuran Amphibians by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Techniques

Abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary tract, adrenal glands, spleen, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal tract in juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

Radiographic Evaluation of Vertebral Heart Scale and Caudal Vena Cava Size Useful for Diagnosing Cardiac Diseases in Endangered Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus)

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