Use of Vertical and Inclined Walls to Mitigate the Interaction of Reverse Faulting and Shallow Foundations: Centrifuge Tests and Numerical Simulation

Azizkandi, Alireza Saeedi; Baziar, Mohammad Hassan; Ghavami, Sadegh; Hasanaklou, Sajjad Heidari

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002433

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The model was established as shown in Figure 18; Table 6 shows the mechanical parameters of the numerical model. A very refined mesh was performed to ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulation on critical parts of the numerical model [36][37][38][39], such as the lining and the boundary of the rock mass and fault zones. The interface between the tunnel and the rock mass was called the 'T-R interface '.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Zhou

Sheng

Cui

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Knowledge from historical earthquake events indicates that a submarine tunnel crossing active strike-slip faults is prone to be damaged in an earthquake. Previous studies have demonstrated that the flexible joints are an effective measure for a submarine tunnel crossing a strike-slip fault. The background project of this paper is the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou bay. In this work, model tests and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The influence of strike-slip faults on a tunnel with flexible joints has been investigated by examining the deformation of rock mass surface, analyzing lining stains, and crack propagation from model tests. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of the design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints on the mechanical response of the lining. The results showed that the ‘articulated design’ measure can improve the ability of the tunnel to resist the strike-slip faults. In terms of the mechanism of design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints, this paper finds that increasing the lining thickness, decreasing the lining segment length, and decreasing the tunnel diameter to a reasonable extent could effectively improve the performance of this faulting resistance measure for a tunnel under the strike-slip fault zone dislocation. Compared with the horseshoe tunnel cross-section, the circular tunnel cross-section can improve the ability of the faulting resistance of a tunnel with flexible joints, while the optimal angle of the tunnel crossing the fault zone is 90º. It is concluded that the wider fault zone, smaller flexible joint width, and less stiffness of the flexible joint could make lining safer under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The above research results can serve as a necessary theoretical reference and technical support for the design of reinforcement measures for a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under strike-slip fault dislocation.

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Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Zhou

Sheng

Cui

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…One example of this is when EPS is employed in trench construction, where the main focus shifts towards enhancing structural stability during seismic events [21]. Saeedi Azizkandi et al [22] investigated the use of vertical and inclined walls as a strategy to reduce the impact of reverse faulting on shallow foundations by conducting both centrifuge tests and numerical simulations. The results showed that implementing this suggested method can effectively reduce the risk of damage to surface and embedded foundations located at different positions relative to reverse faults, even when considering different dip angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Deformation and Settlement Properties of Cement-Stabilized Silt Mixed with EPS Beads of Various Sizes

Ali,

Yong,

Jamil

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The expansion of China’s highways and railways, as well as the growing demand for them, has focused attention on the impact of traffic loads on foundation settling, uneven deformation, and ground cracking. These effects have garnered considerable research attention, with particular emphasis placed on integrating innovative materials into the soil matrix. This investigation involved loading experiments utilizing a combination of lightweight soil, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and cement. Consolidation tests assessed the extent of deformation and settlement, incorporating varying proportions of EPS and cement. The test results show that when subjected to confined conditions, the stress–strain relationship curve assumes a hyperbolic shape closely linked to the e-p curve. This shape effectively captures the unique structural characteristics exhibited by lightweight soils. As the size of the EPS particles and the applied stress increase, a corresponding rise in the strain of the specimens is observed. Simultaneously, as the strain magnitude increases, the elastic modulus experiences a decline. Additionally, it is noted that this trend further increases as the doping of the cement with EPS particles increases. When the EPS volume ratio and cement mix ratio remain constant across different specimens, there is a decrease in structural strength as the size of the EPS increases. In lightweight soil, settlement can occur rapidly, with approximately 95% of total consolidation deformation happening within a few minutes, which suggests that the settlement is instantaneous and primarily consolidation settlement. The structural strength of lightweight soil shows a negative correlation with the size of EPS, implying that larger EPS size may lead to a reduction in strength. Therefore, it is recommended to consistently use EPS beads with a diameter of 3–4 mm during construction.

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“…These studies focused on free-field fault rupture propagation, the interaction of the structures and the fault, and mitigation strategies for decreasing the effects of fault-structure interaction by field investigations (Faccioli et al 2008;Lin et al 2006), experimental studies (Bransby et al 2008a,b;Rojhani et al 2012;Ashtiani et al 2015;Ahmadi et al 2018;Yao and Takemura 2019;Sadra et al 2020;Fadaee et al 2020;Yao et al 2020aYao et al , 2020b, and numerical modeling (Bray et al 1994;Anastasopoulos et al 2007Anastasopoulos et al , 2008Anastasopoulos et al , 2009Oettle and Bray 2016;Baziar et al 2019;Agalianos et al 2020;Naiej and Soroush 2020;Azizkandi et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of the interaction of normal fault and shallow embedded foundation

Ashtiani

Nowkandeh

Kayhani

2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The consequences to structures caused by permanent fault displacement has been investigated for dip-slip faulting, but not for the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction between a normal fault rupture and shallow embedded foundation. This study investigated the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction of normal fault rupture and shallow foundation using a numerical model validated with centrifuge experiments. It was found that a gapping interaction mechanism and foundation distress occurred at different foundation positions relative to the fault rupture outcrop for an embedded foundation in comparison with a surface foundation. The extent of this area depended on the combined influences of the foundation position, foundation surcharge, embedment depth, and fault dip angle. The sidewalls of the shallow embedded foundation were observed to act as kinematic constraints and had considerable influence on the rotation and displacement of the foundations. With regard to the level of rotation and displacement of the embedded foundation, the lateral earth pressure distribution on the footwall sidewall was similar to that of Rankine active earth pressure in a triangular distribution and on the hangingwall sidewall as a parabolic distribution of passive earth pressure. Foundations laid on loose soil exhibited less rotation than those on dense soil because the fault ruptures were absorbed or bifurcated around both sides of the foundation.

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Use of Vertical and Inclined Walls to Mitigate the Interaction of Reverse Faulting and Shallow Foundations: Centrifuge Tests and Numerical Simulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Evaluation of Deformation and Settlement Properties of Cement-Stabilized Silt Mixed with EPS Beads of Various Sizes

Numerical modeling of the interaction of normal fault and shallow embedded foundation

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