2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101022
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Use of waste foundry sand as a partial replacement to produce green concrete: Mechanical properties, durability attributes and its economical assessment

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Cited by 54 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…e simulation results were recorded by varying hidden layers from 2 to 10 to identify the best architecture using the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) as stopping criteria for the epochs value of 500, the learning rate of 0.3, and momentum of 0.2. e R and RMSE values are calculated using equations ( 1) and ( 2). e 73 experimental datasets are used to train the ANN network to identify the best architecture [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e simulation results were recorded by varying hidden layers from 2 to 10 to identify the best architecture using the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) as stopping criteria for the epochs value of 500, the learning rate of 0.3, and momentum of 0.2. e R and RMSE values are calculated using equations ( 1) and ( 2). e 73 experimental datasets are used to train the ANN network to identify the best architecture [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the strength decreased after 30% substitution [ 43 ]. However, Thiruvenkitam et al [ 32 ] observed a considerable improvement of flexure strength with substitution of WFS. Maximum flexure strength was seen at 15% replacement of WFS which was 12% more than reference concrete.…”
Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sand becomes unusable after several mouldings, cooling, and recycling processes, so it is stored as waste [ 31 ]. Currently, less than 30% of the million tons of WFS that are generated each year are recycled and the remainder is stored outside foundries where storage space is limited [ 32 ]. In the United States, the amount of waste from foundries ranges from 6 to 10 million tons annually [ 33 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cost associated with using WFS in concrete for 20% was found to be more cost efficient as compared to using natural aggregates. It was concluded that 20% replacement of WFS leads to a savings of 7.5%m -3 for making concrete of M30 grade Thiruvenkitam et al (2020). For commercial application of GW powder in concrete, the processing cost is negligible because the recycling of GW will cut the cut which present during the dumping and landfill Turner et al (2015).…”
Section: Economic Efficiencymentioning
confidence: 99%