Use of wet‐laid techniques to form flax‐polypropylene nonwovens as base substrates for eco‐friendly composites by using hot‐press molding

Fages, Eduardo; Gironés, Sagrario; Sànchez-Nácher, Lourdes; Sanoguera, David García; Balart, Rafael

doi:10.1002/pc.22147

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[47] During compression molding, the thermoplastic material is heated to a pliable forming temperature and then molded to a specific shape by the action of pressure for a certain time. [48] Materials may be loaded into the mold in the form of either pellets or film/sheet. As a result, long fibers can be then feasibly fed without the need of using pultrusion or melt-impregnation processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of compression‐molded green composite sheets made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with long pita fibers

et al. 2016

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Novel green composites were successfully prepared from bacterial poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and pita fibers derived from the agave plant (Agave americana). Various weight contents (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.-%) of pita fibers at different lengths (5, 15, and 20 mm) were successfully incorporated into PHB by compression molding. The newly prepared PHB/pita fibers composite sheets were characterized in terms of their mechanical and thermomechanical properties and then related to their morphology after fracture. Attained results indicated that the mechanical stiffness of PHB significantly improved with both the content and length of pita fibers, although ductile properties were reduced. In particular, the elastic modulus of the 40 wt.-% PHB composite sheets containing 20-mm-long pita fibers was approximately 55% higher than the unfilled PHB sheet. Shore D hardness also improved, achieving the shortest pita fibers the highest improvement. Pita fibers with lengths of 15 and 20 mm also increased the Vicat softening point and heat deflection temperature (HDT) by 38 and 21°C, respectively. Due to their optimal shape, it is concluded that pita fibers with lengths above 15 mm can potentially reinforce and improve the performance of PHB biopolymer. In addition, the compression-molding methodology described in this research work represents a cost-effective pathway to feasibly prepare long-fiberreinforced thermoplastics (LFRTs) fully based on renewable raw materials. Resultant green composite sheets can be of interest for the development of sustainable parts in the automotive industry and other advanced applications in polymer technology. K E Y W O R D S automotive parts, compression molding, green composites, pita fibers, polyhydroxyalkanoates F I G U R E 6 Thermomechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) composite sheets as function of the pita fiber content in weight (wt.-%) at different lengths in terms of (a) Vicat softening point; (b) heat deflection temperature (HDT)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of compression‐molded green composite sheets made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with long pita fibers

et al. 2016

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“…In addition this technology is environmentally friendly and enables the production of nonwovens with high volume of fiber and low quantity of matrix, so the final costs are also reduced because the polymeric matrices are expensive [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet-laid technique with Cyperus esculentus: Development, manufacturing and characterization of a new composite

et al. 2015

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ElsevierCarbonell Verdú, A.; Boronat Vitoria, T.; Fages Santana, E.; Gironés, S.; Sánchez Zapata, E.; Pérez Álvarez, JÁ.; Sánchez Nacher, L.... (2015). Wet-laid AbstractBiobased composites were fabricated with waste of tiger nut natural fibers, different binder fibers (lyocell and cotton) and thermo-bonding fibers (PLA, HDPE, PA6-CoPA).These composites were processed by wet-laid process and hot-press molding process.The obtained composites were characterized by flexural, hardness and Charpy impact tests.The internal structure of the composite was analyzed by SEM observing a significant heterogeneity. The high fiber content (80% wt) and the lack of a continuous matrix phase causes mediocre mechanical response of the material. Thermo-bonding fibers kind are more influential than the binder fibers. The best mechanical responses were obtained with additions of PLA fibers thermo-bonding fibers. Flexural modulus was maximum (865 MPa) for 80%wt tiger nut/10% wt binder fiber / 10% PLA fiber composite.

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“…To keep the grammage of the fabric constant at 100 g/m 2 , 2 g of fibres were used per mat in the form of a disc with a 16 cm diameter. The target fibre volume fraction V f for the final composite was chosen to be 30% since previous work [13,27,28,30] reported lowered mechanical properties at higher fibre fractions due to fibre breakage. Assuming V f + V m = 1 (V m = matrix volume fraction), Equation (1) can be used to determine the corresponding weight composition of the fibres.…”

Section: Nonwoven Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the work reported in the literature about hybrid CF/flax composites [21][22][23][24][25] has been focused on the plies of woven fabric from continuous virgin CF and long flax fibres rather than nonwoven recycled short fibres as proposed in this work. Few studies have examined the wet-laying of short fibre composites with either flax fibres [26][27][28][29][30] or rCF [11][12][13]31,32]. Recently, Longana et al [33] have investigated a rCF/flax hybrid manufactured through a water-assisted fibre alignment method that was successfully used with short rCF and rCF/glass fibre hybrids [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Properties of Wet-Laid Hybrid Nonwoven Recycled Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites in Poly-Lactic Acid Matrix

Tse

Gong

et al. 2018

Aerospace

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Recycling carbon fibre is crucial in the reduction of waste from the increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced composites in industry. The reclaimed fibres, however, are usually short and discontinuous as opposed to the continuous virgin carbon fibre. In this work, short recycled carbon fibres (rCF) were mixed with flax and poly-lactic acid (PLA) fibres acting as the matrix to form nonwoven mats through wet-laying. The mats were compression moulded to produce composites with different ratios of rCF and flax fibre in the PLA matrix. Their flexural behaviour was examined through three-point-bending tests, and their morphological properties were characterised with scanning electron and optical microscopes. Experimental data showed that the flexural properties increased with higher rCF content, with the maximum being a flexural modulus of approximately 14 GPa and flexural strength of 203 MPa with a fibre volume fraction of 75% rCF and 25% flax fibre. The intimate mixing of the fibres contributed to a lesser reduction of flexural properties when increasing the flax fibre content.

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Use of wet‐laid techniques to form flax‐polypropylene nonwovens as base substrates for eco‐friendly composites by using hot‐press molding

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Preparation and characterization of compression‐molded green composite sheets made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with long pita fibers

Preparation and characterization of compression‐molded green composite sheets made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with long pita fibers

Wet-laid technique with Cyperus esculentus: Development, manufacturing and characterization of a new composite

Flexural Properties of Wet-Laid Hybrid Nonwoven Recycled Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites in Poly-Lactic Acid Matrix

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