Use of X-ray computed tomography to evaluate the gradual behaviour of air voids in asphalt mixtures during permanent deformation

Liu, Jinzhou; Wang, Yuchen; Wang, Shuyi; Liu, Qi; Yu, Bin; Wang, Qian

doi:10.1080/10298436.2022.2134570

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For example, the image segmentation results for AC-20 is shown in Figure 3; from left to right is the scanned image, voids, mortar and aggregate, which are plotted in white at the same position as in the scanned image. Then, post-processing was applied, and the particle diameters and void diameters were calculated by assuming that all of the particles in the picture were circles [24,29,32]. After a 2D void analysis, the 2D slice images were integrated and 3D models were constructed using industrial CT software; the different materials were identified as coarse aggregate, mortar and voids.…”

Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Feretmeter2 is the equivalent diameter (mm), and Area (mm 2 ) is the area of the voids in the image. The 3D equivalent diameters of the particles were as in Equation ( 5): Then, post-processing was applied, and the particle diameters and void diameters were calculated by assuming that all of the particles in the picture were circles [24,29,32]. After a 2D void analysis, the 2D slice images were integrated and 3D models were constructed using industrial CT software; the different materials were identified as coarse aggregate, mortar and voids.…”

Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With hightech approaches, such as computerized tomography (CT) [22,23], air void details, such as their size and distribution in an asphalt mixture, can be characterized and analyzed. CT is a meso-structure testing approach that provides details on voids inside of samples to determine and evaluate the size and number of voids [24]. CT images with high-energy X-ray scanning of the sample can be used to illustrate an image array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the image information of a mixture or mortar slice can be acquired for mixture interstructure evaluation, such as contact indices, asphalt mortar thickness, aggregate particle orientation and air void distribution indices. CT and DIP [26] used together are a popular approach to researching the accurate interstructure of asphalt mixtures and asphalt mortars [24]. This approach is widely applied in evaluating mixture and pavement meso-structures through load and failure procedures, aging and recycling procedures and complete and distress procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Calculation and Characterization of Air Void in Mortar of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Based on CT Scanning and Image Analysis Methods

Shu

Jiang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The air void content is one of the most important volumetric properties of asphalt matrixes, such as asphalt mixtures or mortars, because it can greatly affect the performance of the matrix. At the mixture level, there are standardized methods for measuring the air void content, which is an important design parameter of a mixture. However, at the mortar scale, no unified method has been proposed to determine the air void content corresponding to the asphalt mixture. Therefore, this research aims to, first, characterize the air void distribution within the mortar of an asphalt mixture and then develop an updated theoretical method for calculating the air void content of asphalt mortar. The internal structures of air voids from three commonly used asphalt mixtures with different gradations were captured using an industrial CT scanning technique and then morphologically characterized using the image analysis method. Three-dimensional models of the air voids were reconstructed, and the air void content calculated from the CT images was also verified by density tests. The scanning results show that the air void content and air void size fit the cumulative Weibull curve. The results show that the nominal maximum particle size (NMPS) of mortar and the mixture air void content were the main parameters that affected the mortar’s air voids. The mortar air void content had linear relationships with both the mixture air void content and the mixture asphalt aggregate ratio. The mortar air void content was more sensitive to the NMPS of the asphalt mixture compared with the air void content or asphalt aggregate ratio of the mixture. This research provides a quantitative method to calculate the air void content of asphalt mortar within a mixture, which may help in the matrix design of mortar.

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Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Calculation and Characterization of Air Void in Mortar of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Based on CT Scanning and Image Analysis Methods

Shu

Jiang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Influence of coarse aggregates’ morphological characteristics on the pore structures of skeleton in porous asphalt mixture

Liu,

Qian,

Gong

et al. 2024

Case Studies in Construction Materials

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Determining the Compaction Temperature of Warm-Mix Anti-Rutting Asphalt Mixture

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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In order to study the effect of a warm-mix agent on the compaction characteristics of an anti-rutting asphalt mixture, this study compared the compaction temperature of an anti-rutting asphalt mixture with different warm-mix-agent contents from two aspects: asphalt viscosity and asphalt mixture voids. Based on the rheological properties of asphalt, the optimal content of the anti-rutting agent was first determined as 6% by the weight of asphalt. Four warm-mix-agent contents of 0% (control group), 1%, 2%, and 3% were designed. The viscosity–temperature curve of the warm-mix anti-rutting modified asphalt was obtained by the Brookfield viscosity tests. After that, AC-20 standard Marshall specimens were prepared to conduct a series of consecutive temperature compaction tests. The voids were calculated based on the bulk density of the specimen measured by the saturated surface-dry method. Industrial Computerized Tomography (CT) was employed to further quantify the internal voids. Two voids–compaction temperature curves were constructed based on the saturated surface-dry and CT results, respectively. The comparative results show that significant differences exist between the compaction temperatures obtained from the three curves. The viscosity–temperature curve shows that when the warm-mix agent is increased from 0% to 3%, the compaction temperature only declines about 7.9%. However, the voids–compaction temperature curves from saturated surface-dry and CT, respectively, indicate a temperature decrease of 22.7% and 19.2%. This is because a warm-mix agent will interact with asphalt, resulting in a decrease in asphalt intermolecular adsorption, whereas an anti-rutting agent mixed with asphalt will increase the degree of cross-linking and aggregation between asphalt molecules. Both additions have a certain impact on the viscosity of the asphalt binder; thus the traditional method of using the asphalt viscosity–temperature curve to determine the compaction temperature of warm-mix anti-rutting asphalt mixture has become ineffective. It is suggested to use the equal voids method to determine the compaction temperature of warm-mix anti-rutting asphalt mixtures.

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Use of X-ray computed tomography to evaluate the gradual behaviour of air voids in asphalt mixtures during permanent deformation

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Calculation and Characterization of Air Void in Mortar of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Based on CT Scanning and Image Analysis Methods

Calculation and Characterization of Air Void in Mortar of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Based on CT Scanning and Image Analysis Methods

Influence of coarse aggregates’ morphological characteristics on the pore structures of skeleton in porous asphalt mixture

Determining the Compaction Temperature of Warm-Mix Anti-Rutting Asphalt Mixture

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