Use of x-ray spectrometry in activation analysis: determination of bromine

Abstract

An instrument function that was used extensively in initial photographic focusing and alignment and is of analytical importance involves slowly rotating the spectrograph camera mirror using the worm gear wheel attached to the trigger mirror shown in Figure 5. The synchronous motor for highspeed mirror drive is turned off, and a small clock or stepper motor is engaged to the worm wheel through a sliding platform and gear reduction train. The slow drive motor is programmed with relays and timers to rotate one sixth of a revolution at adjustable time intervals, which when coupled through a 720:1 reduction ratio allows rapid and precise spectral displacements on the order of 2 mm at the camera.The slow drive motor may also be run continuously, sweeping out a continuous tracing. This function allows programmed split-burn and moving-camera arc-discharge studies, as well as pre-spark and hysteresis studies on time-integrated spark discharges.

X-ray absorption and emission

“…In alloys and metals (146,152,227,234,236,400,465) In minerals and ores (199,350,384,553,677) In miscellaneous materials (178,394,526) Antimony (400,457,479,681) Arsenic (431,433,457,681) Barium (126,372,513) Beryllium (204) Bismuth (433) Boron (204,230,233) Bromine (542,571,608,657)…”

“…Industry is beginning to use these simple instruments for widespread quality and process control analysis. X-ray emitting isotopes, produced by neutron activation, can also be used for energy dispersion analysis; for example, K capture isotopes emit radiation that is specific for the element being determined (505,571).…”

Determination of bromine in blood serum by epithermal neutron activation analysis

“…The main advantage of X-ray spectrometry is that many elements do not emit X-rays, thus reducing the background; this is in addition to the small number of lines in the characteristic X-ray spectrum of each element and the direct correlation between the element and the energies of its X-rays. Shenberg et al (2) were the first to recommend X-ray spectrometry for the nondestructive determination of bromine. Rapaport et al (3) determined the bromine content of blood serum by neutron activation analysis followed by X-ray spectrometry reducing the background due to the /3-electrons by a magnetic field (4,5).…”

Instrumental multielement proton activation analysis of high-purity niobium using both .gamma.-ray and x-ray spectrometry

“…Recently, proton activation analysis was applied to the nondestructive multielement analysis of tantalum by -ray spectrometry (22). The introduction of X-ray spectrometry increases the potentiality of instrumental activation analysis (23)(24)(25). McGinley and Schweikert (26) were the first to point out the analytical use of X-ray emitting radioisotopes produced by charged particle activation.…”