1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0169-4332(98)00822-8
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Use of XPS to investigate surface problems in ULC deep drawing steels

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Cited by 19 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…1 The equipment features an infrared furnace designed to simulate industrial heat treatments and to analyse their consequences on surface condition. When it comes to either visualizing and analysing tiny surface details or detecting low-concentration elements and performing in-depth distribution imaging, the information provided by XPS can be complemented by field emission gun Auger electron spectroscopy (PHI 680) or by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (Cameca IMS-5F).…”
Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…1 The equipment features an infrared furnace designed to simulate industrial heat treatments and to analyse their consequences on surface condition. When it comes to either visualizing and analysing tiny surface details or detecting low-concentration elements and performing in-depth distribution imaging, the information provided by XPS can be complemented by field emission gun Auger electron spectroscopy (PHI 680) or by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (Cameca IMS-5F).…”
Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Most often, such modified surface layers are far from transversally homogeneous, and distinct phenomena can develop concurrently in adjoining areas of varying constitutions and sizes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this purpose, a tight preparation chamber was connected directly to the XPS facility described elsewhere. 11,12 This equipment allows direct surface characterization after annealing, without venting the vessel or returning the specimen to air. The oxide morphologies were observed by scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and the extent of internal oxidation was assessed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the Centre de Recherche Métallurgique (CRM), a special preparation chamber connected directly to the x-ray photoelectron spectrometer has been fitted with all the equipment needed to simulate the continuous annealing temperature Thermochemical surface treatment of Fe-Si and Fe-Mn alloys 323 and atmosphere cycles faithfully before transferring the specimen directly to the spectrometer through an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) connection. 9,10 Several types of atmosphere, characterized by two hydrogen contents and up to four dew points, have been tested.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%