Use of xylenol orange and cetylpyridinium chloride in rapid spectrophotometric determination of zinc in pharmaceutical products

Benamor, M.; Belhamel, Kamel; Draa, M.T.

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00366-6

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The violet-chelate complex was formed which absorbed at 500 nm and was measured against a blank. Similarly, 10 mL XO solution was added to 100 mL neutral 1000 μg/L solution of Zn(II) in 250 mL flask and then 5.0 mL of CPC was added at pH 6.0 [35]. The colored Zn(II) solution absorbed at 580 nm.…”

Section: Determination Of Lead and Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from water onto manganese oxide-coated sand: Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Chaudhry

Khan²,

Ali³

2016

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Available online A B S T R A C TManganese oxide-coated sand, MOCS, was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX techniques, and was used for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from their aqueous solutions. The metal ion concentration, contact time, MOCS dose and pH of the solutions were optimized. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were studied and the maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Zn(II) were found to be 147.06 and 116.28 μg/g at 40°C and 27°C, respectively. These values are higher than many tested adsorbents. The energy 0.011 and 0.079 kJ/mol for Pb(II) and Zn(II) indicated adsorption as physical process. In thermodynamics the free energy change for Pb(II) ranged between −12.344 and −11.371 kJ/mol and that for Zn(II) ranged −9.638 to −11.155 kJ/mol between 27 and 40°C that predicted the spontaneity of process. The enthalpy change −39.816 and 25.574 kJ/mol indicated the exothermic and endothermic nature of the adsorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II). Kinetic studies indicated that Pb(II) adsorption followed pseudo-second order, whereas Zn(II) followed partial pseudo-first and pseudo-second order rates. The adsorptions of both metals were controlled by film diffusion step.

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Section: Determination Of Lead and Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from water onto manganese oxide-coated sand: Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Chaudhry

Khan²,

Ali³

2016

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…Later, the established method is successfully applied for the determination of zinc(II) in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The proposed method when compared with other reported spectrophotometric methods [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] was found to be more sensitive and selective (Table 1). It also offers advantages like reliability and reproducibility in addition to its simplicity instant color development and less interference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Studies of zinc(II) in pharmaceutical and biological samples by extractive spectrophotometry: using pyridoxal-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone as chelating reagent

Sarma¹,

Kumar²,

Reddy³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Piridoxal-4-fenil-3-tiossemicarbazona (PPT) é proposto como um novo reagente sensível para a determinação espectrofotométrica de zinco(II). PPT reage com zinco(II) no intervalo de pH entre 5,0 e 6,0, para formar um complexo colorido amarelo, o qual foi adequadamente extraído em n-butanol. A absorbância do complexo Zn(II)-PPT foi medida em diferentes intervalos de tempo, a 430 nm, para averiguar a estabilidade do complexo. Foi observado que o desenvolvimento da cor foi instantâneo e estável por mais de 48 h. O sistema obedece a lei de Beer até 6,0 μg mL -1 de zinco(II), com uma excelente linearidade em termos do valor do coeficiente de correlação, de 0,999. A absortividade molar e sensitividade de Sandell da espécie extraída é 1,6 × 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 e 4,085 × 10 -3 μg cm -2 , respectivamente, a 430 nm. O limite de detecção do método é 0,04 μg mL -1 . Para avaliar a precisão do método, determinações foram efetuadas em diferentes concentrações; o desvio padrão relativo não excedeu 3,1%. A composição do complexo de zinco(II) com PPT foi estudada pelos métodos de variação contínua de Job, da razão molar, método de Asmus e da razão da inclinação. PPT tem sido empregado satisfatoriamente para a determinação de zinco(II) isoladamente, ou na presença de outros íons, normalmente associados ao zinco(II) em amostras farmacêuticas e biológicas. Vários materiais de referência (NIST 1573, NBS 1572 e NIST SRM 8435) têm sido testados para a determinação de zinco, com o propósito de avaliar a exatidão do presente método. Os resultados do método proposto são concordantes com os obtidos por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama.Pyridoxal-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PPT) is proposed as a new sensitive reagent for the sensitive extractive spectrophotometric determination of zinc(II). PPT reacts with zinc(II) in the pH range 5.0-6.0 to form a yellow colored complex, which was well extracted into n-butanol. The absorbance value of Zn(II)-PPT complex was measured at different intervals of time at 430 nm, to ascertain the stability of the complex. It was observed that the color development was instantaneous and stable for more than 48 h. The system obeyed Beer's law up to 6.0 μg mL -1 of zinc(II), with an excellent linearity in terms of correlation coefficient value of 0.999. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the extracted species is 1.6 × 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 and 4.085 × 10 -3 μg cm -2 at 430 nm. The detection limit of the method is 0.04 μg mL -1 . To assess precision of the method, determinations were carried out at different concentrations; the relative standard deviation does not exceed 3.1%. The composition of the zinc(II) complex with PPT was studied by the method of Job's continuous variation, molar ratio method, Asmus' method and slope ratio method. It has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of zinc(II), when present alone or in presence of diverse ions, which are usually associated with zinc(II) in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Various certified reference materials (NIST 1573, ...

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“…Solid phase photometry has usually been performed using a flow cell with an optical pathlength of around 1 mm. 4,18,19 In this work, the flow cell (Figure 1) was designed to allow the channel (optical path) filled with solid phase material to be varied from 2 up to 6 mm, while also varying the amount of C 18 packed into the flow cell. The assays were carried out employing a flow rate of 1.0 mL min Analyzing these curves, it was observed an increasing of the signal up to the optical pathlength of 4 mm, while results achieved when the flow cell length was 5 mm was practically equal to those generated when its length was of 4 mm.…”

Section: Effect Of the Optical Pathlengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Because of its beneficial effects for humans, zinc has been included as a constituent of the pharmaceutical formulations available in the market. [17][18][19] Therefore, the determination of its presence in pharmaceutical products is a requirement for assuring quality. This has been done by employing spectrophotometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A LED based photometer for solid phase photometry: zinc determination in pharmaceutical preparation employing a multicommuted flow analysis approach

Dias¹,

Reis²

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho é proposto um fotômetro baseado em LED (diodo emissor de luz) para fotometria em fase sólida. O fotômetro foi desenvolvido para permitir o acoplamento da fonte de radiação (LED) e do fotodetector direto na cela de fluxo, tendo um caminho óptico de 4 mm. A cela de fluxo foi preenchida com material sólido (C 18 ), o qual foi utilizado para imobilizar o reagente cromogênico 1-(2-tiazolilazo)-2-naftol (TAN). A exatidão foi avaliada empregando dados obtidos através da técnica ICP OES (espectrometria de emissão por plasma indutivamente acoplado). Aplicando-se o teste-t pareado não foi observada diferença significativa em nível de confiança de 95%. Outros parâmetros importantes encontrados foram faixa de resposta linear de 0,05 a 0,85 mg L -1 Zn, limite de detecção de 9 µg L -1 Zn (n = 3), desvio padrão de 1,4 % (n = 10), frequência de amostragem de 36 determinações por h, e uma geração de efluente e consumo de reagente de 1,7 mL e 0,03 µg por determinação, respectivamente.In this work, a LED (light emitting diode) based photometer for solid phase photometry is described. The photometer was designed to permit direct coupling of a light source (LED) and a photodiode to a flow cell with an optical pathlength of 4 mm. The flow cell was filled with adsorbing solid phase material (C 18 ), which was used to immobilize the chromogenic reagent 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN). Aiming to allow accuracy assessment, samples were also analyzed employing ICP OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) methodology. Applying the paired t-test at the 95% confidence level, no significant difference was observed. Other useful features were also achieved: linear response ranging from 0.05 to 0.85 mg L -1 Zn, limit of detection of 9 µg L -1 Zn (3σ criterion), standard deviation of 1.4% (n = 10), sampling throughput of 36 determinations per h, and a waste generation and reagent consumption of 1.7 mL and of 0.03 µg per determination, respectively.

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Use of xylenol orange and cetylpyridinium chloride in rapid spectrophotometric determination of zinc in pharmaceutical products

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from water onto manganese oxide-coated sand: Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from water onto manganese oxide-coated sand: Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Studies of zinc(II) in pharmaceutical and biological samples by extractive spectrophotometry: using pyridoxal-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone as chelating reagent

A LED based photometer for solid phase photometry: zinc determination in pharmaceutical preparation employing a multicommuted flow analysis approach

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