Used Engine Oil Analyses - Review

Asseff, P. A.

doi:10.4271/770642

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Commercial engine oil analysis of TBN and kinematic viscosity (at 40 • C) from each oil sample was summarized in Table 1. TBN generally decreased with oxidation time from 8.6 for fresh oil (0 h) to below 3.0 after 72 h. Although kinematic viscosity generally increased with oxidation time, as indicated by prior studies [4,7,39], results of the testing lab were variable, presumably due to limited repeatability of the commercial lab analysis method. Two measurement methods were used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Kinematic viscosity was expected to increase with oxidation time [4,7,39] and molecular changes impacting viscosity possibly contributed to the increased refractive index along with other chemical changes that occurred due to decreased antioxidant additives, increased oxide formation, and decreased detergent additives. Additional studies are needed to determine which factors contributed to the increase in the refractive index.…”

Section: Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Different Oxidation Levels of Diesel Engine Oil

et al. 2019

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Diesel engine oil was subjected to thermal oxidization (TO) for six periods of time (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 120 h) and was subsequently characterized by terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The THz refractive index generally increased with oxidation time. The measurement method illustrated the potential of THz-TDS when a fixed setup with a single cuvette is used. A future miniaturized setup installed in an engine would be an example of a fixed setup. For the refractive index, there were highly significant differences among the oxidation times across most of the 0.3–1.7 THz range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Different Oxidation Levels of Diesel Engine Oil

et al. 2019

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“…Most of the methods use oil-soluble acidity and sludge deposit formation for assessing oil deterioration. Although there are no universally established standards for these parameters in all types of engines, evidence based on engine test data and product development experience , showed that 3% sludge deposits was too high for most engines. Above this level, the engine was believed to run the risk of failure due to blockage of the oil filter and oil delivery tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Oxidation in Automotive Crankcase Lube Oil: Effects of Metal and Water Activity

Egharevba

Maduako

2002

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The changes in oxidation stability of two grades of crankcase lube oil, monograde (SAE 40) and multigrade (SAE 20W50), and their base oils were monitored by measuring their carbonyl peak index with respect to time in order to corroborate the results of sludge deposit and soluble acidity characteristics. The carbonyl peak index was calculated as the difference in the ratios of the absorbance of the carbonyl band at 1700 cm -1 and of the basic peak methyl stretching vibration at around 3000 cm -1 at oxidation time t and the start of the experiment. The results showed that the base oils were oxidized to a greater extent than the formulated oils. The monograde oil and its base oil had higher carbonyl peak indexes than their respective multigrade counterparts, showing that the monograde oils were less resistant to oxidation than the multigrade oils. However, results of sludge deposits and soluble acidity showed that the multigrade oils formed more oxidation products than the monograde oils, which also incidentally suggests that the multigrade oils deteriorate faster. The two conflicting observations therefore suggest that the types of oxidation products formed from the two oils were different even though initiated by similar mechanisms. The effects of metals (zinc, nickel, and aluminum), as well as the effect of water (on the activity of the metals), on the overall carbonyl peak index are reported.

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“…A substantial amount of research has been done on the liquid properties of engine oil. Much of this work involves measuring and determining the dispersivity, viscosity, total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN), insoluble content, molecular structure (chemical identification by IR), and metal wear (elemental analysis, emission spectrograph, atomic absorption, and X-ray absorption) of the oil. , GC and GC/MS have also been used as a means to separate, identify, and quantify oxidation products , and contaminants that make their way into the lubricant as the engine oil degrades. Additionally, there is an abundance of literature available on the oxidation of engine oils in the attempt to determine individual carboxylic acids and aldehydes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace Analysis of Engine Oil by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2001

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This study establishes the rationale necessary for determining the time to change engine oil. This is based on identifying gaseous components in new and used automobile lubricants. Key compounds, so-called "signature", are separated and identified qualitatively by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Volatile antioxidants at zero miles and fuel contaminants at low mileage are observed in the headspace of engine oil. Several oxidative degradation components have been positively identified in the used oil, which include the following: acetaldehyde, acetone, butanal, 2-propanol, acetic acid, 2-hexanol, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and 1-pentanol. This study strongly suggests that the status of lubricating oil can be determined by the analysis of the gas phase above the oil. Most importantly, it opens the possibility of performing conditional maintenance of the combustion engine based on information obtained from gas sensors.

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Used Engine Oil Analyses - Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Different Oxidation Levels of Diesel Engine Oil

Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Different Oxidation Levels of Diesel Engine Oil

Assessment of Oxidation in Automotive Crankcase Lube Oil: Effects of Metal and Water Activity

Headspace Analysis of Engine Oil by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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