Usefulness of a Red Chromagen in the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions of the Conjunctiva

Jiang, Kailun; Brownstein, Seymour; Lam, Kay; Burns, Bruce F.; Farmer, James

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.8216

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…DAB) are also affected by the intense oxidative procedure, thus making the analyses less accurate . The use of red chromogens in the immunostaining of melanocytic lesions, if limited to tumour markers, can partially overcome this problem; however it remains suboptimal for immune cell detection …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispectral imaging for highly accurate analysis of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in primary melanoma

et al. 2016

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Our study highlights the potential of MSI for accurate assessment of immune cell infiltrates, including those in notoriously difficult tissues, such as pigmented melanomas. Quantification of tumour infiltration by different immune cell types is crucial in the search for new biomarkers to predict patient responses to immunotherapies. Our findings show that this innovative microscopy technique is an important extension of the armamentarium of pathologists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispectral imaging for highly accurate analysis of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in primary melanoma

et al. 2016

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“…In cases of melanocytic origin the red chromogen subtract for immunohistochemistry is advised in order to avoid misinterpretation with melanin pigment. 14 Immunohistochemical studies show that HMB-45 is more abundantly expressed in malignant tumors than in benign lesions. 15 Furthermore, S100A1 positively stains conjunctival nevi (89%), PAM (71%), conjunctival melanomas (100%), and all uveal melanoma (100%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 High Ki-67 nuclear expression index is another useful marker to support the malignant nature of the tumor. 14 Finally, the loss of p16 expression in CM when compared with the markedly high levels seen in PAM with atypia and nevus may aid in the diagnosis. 17 The reported cases showed other interesting features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Inclusion Cyst in Conjunctival Melanoma

et al. 2016

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Conjunctival melanoma is the second most common conjunctival malignancy. Its differential diagnosis with other conjunctival melanocytic neoplasms is inherently difficult. The presence of epithelial cysts is a useful feature in conjunctival tumors and favors a benign lesion. Herein 2 cases of conjunctival melanoma with cysts are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first series of conjunctival melanoma with epithelial inclusion cysts. This series emphasizes the importance of considering several malignant features when reviewing conjunctival melanocytic lesions, as malignancy can exist even in the presence of epithelial inclusion cysts.

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“…58 Immunohistochemistry has been shown to be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. [59][60][61][62] Utilization of markers such as SOX-10 and Melan-A/MART-1 can be used to assist in appreciation of architectural features of a conjunctival melanocytic prolifer- ation, providing information such as melanocytic density, the presence of dendritic processes (Melan-A/MART-1 in particular) and the presence of pagetoid spread (SOX-10 in particular). As in the skin, the use of a red chromogen can be helpful in heavily pigmented lesions.…”

Section: Histologic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

Bresler

Simon

Shields

et al. 2021

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.— Conjunctival melanocytic lesions consist of a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. These include benign processes such as primary intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, secondary forms of intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, melanocytic nevi, melanocytic proliferations with malignant potential, and melanoma. Objective.— To provide a concise yet comprehensive resource regarding the histopathologic diagnosis of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. We aim to detail and clarify the numerous classification schemes that exist for junctional melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva (known as primary acquired melanosis or PAM; also termed conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia or C-MIN). Although not uniformly adopted, C-MIN is classified by using a numeric system based on a defined set of criteria. A less complex scheme (conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion or CMIL) has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization. Additionally, we aim to update the reader regarding molecular features and prognostic indicators. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed literature and archived cases for illustration. Conclusions.— Accurate histologic classification is essential, as PAM/C-MIN/CMILs that have a significant potential to progress to invasive melanoma may be clinically indistinguishable from low-risk lesions. Conjunctival melanoma (CM) more closely resembles cutaneous melanoma in terms of its pathogenesis and molecular features, compared to melanoma arising at other mucosal sites or to uveal melanoma. Depth of invasion and ulceration status, among other factors, have emerged as important prognostic indicators in CM. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide further prognostic information. Lastly, integration of pathologic and clinical findings is essential at this anatomically sensitive location to determine appropriate clinical management.

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Usefulness of a Red Chromagen in the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions of the Conjunctiva

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Multispectral imaging for highly accurate analysis of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in primary melanoma

Multispectral imaging for highly accurate analysis of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in primary melanoma

Epithelial Inclusion Cyst in Conjunctival Melanoma

Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

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