Usefulness of an echo-contrast agent for assessment of coronary flow velocity and coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery with transthoracic doppler scan echocardiography

Usefulness of the MOSAIC (measurement of stenosis by aliasing coronary flow) method using transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography in unstable angina patients

“…Second, the detection rate of proximal left coronary flow was relatively low (80.4%). This issue will be resolved perhaps by use of an echo contrast agent, as described in our previous report [4]. Third, we used an absolute cutoff value of isovelocity, rather than a relative value.…”

“…Patients were examined in the left lateral decubitus position. After routine examination, the distal LAD flow was first identified under color Doppler guidance [4,5]. If the LAD flow was retrograde, the patient was excluded from the study at this time because of the presence of collateral vessels to the LAD.…”

“…During the past decade, many investigators have evaluated coronary artery disease (CAD) using coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) determined by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) [1][2][3][4][5]. For the first time, Hozumi et al [1] diagnosed left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis by this method, and this method has been applied to the circumflex [6], right [7] and three major coronary arteries [8].…”

Coronary microvascular dysfunction: sex-specific risk, diagnosis, and therapy

“…76 Transthoracic echocardiography is reproducible and gives similar results to invasive coronary reactivity testing. [77][78][79] Cardiovascular MRI has been used to quantify myocardial perfusion, 80 and involves intravenous adenosine or regadenoson and contrast administration. Patients with CMD have a lower myocardial perfusion reserve index compared with controls.…”

Recovery of global systolic function after primary angioplasty. Influence of coronary flow velocity reserve measured by transthoracic echocardiography

“…Nevertheless, intracoronary Doppler-derived coronary flow reserve at the time of primary coronary intervention, seems to be the best predictor for recovery of global and regional left ventricular systolic function [16]. New ultrasound systems have implemented high-frequency transducers that allow noninvasive detection of left anterior descending artery [17] and therefore, making feasible the determination of coronary flow velocity reserve [24] with a good agreement with intracoronary measurements [18].…”