Usefulness of Candida ID2 agar for the presumptive identification of<i>Candida dubliniensis</i>

Eraso, Elena; Sahand, Ismail H.; Villar-Vidal, María; Marcos, Cristina Moreira; Moragues, Marı́a D.; Madariaga, Lucila; Pontón, José; Quindós, Guillermo

doi:10.1080/13693780600830691

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While distinct color phenotypes do exist for several of the species (including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei), differences between the remaining species can be difficult to distinguish, even for the trained laboratory technician (34). Moreover, C. dubliniensis is almost indistinguishable from C. albicans using this methodology, possibly leading to low reported rates of C. dubliniensis as an etiological agent of VVC (35). That said, molecular diagnostics (e.g., PCR) to distinguish Candida species largely report findings similar to those of culture-based identification (12,24,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Capacity of the Candida Species To Elicit Vaginal Immunopathology

et al. 2018

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The human fungal pathogen is the major etiological agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Despite this fact, other non- (NAC) species have frequently been reported as well. Despite their presence in the vaginal environment, little is known about their capacity to elicit immune responses classically associated with -mediated immunopathology, including neutrophil recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Therefore, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we undertook a comparative analysis to determine whether a representative panel of NAC species could colonize, induce immunopathological markers, or cause damage at the vaginal mucosa. Using a murine model of VVC, was found to induce robust immunopathology (neutrophils, IL-1β) and elicit mucosal damage. However, all NAC species tested (including ,, ,, ,) induced significantly less damage and neutrophil recruitment, despite achieving similar early colonization levels as These results largely correlated with notable lack of the NAC species ( and included) to form hyphae both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, both and induced significantly less expression of the gene encoding for Candidalysin, a key fungal virulence determinant driving VVC immunopathology. In order to determine the relative capacity of these species to elicit inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release, both WT and NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells were challenged in vitro. While most species tested elicited only modest amounts of IL-1β, challenge with led to significantly elevated levels that were largely NLRP3-dependent. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that although NAC species are increasingly reported as causative agents of VVC, appears to be exceedingly vaginopathogenic, exhibiting robust immunopathology, hypha formation and Candidalysin expression. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insight as to why is overwhelmingly the major pathogen reported during VVC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Capacity of the Candida Species To Elicit Vaginal Immunopathology

et al. 2018

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“…also form blue colonies on this medium, but can be differentiated from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by their macroscopic morphology [2]. A new version of this medium (Candida ID agar 2; bioMérieux) has been suggested to differentiate C. albicans from C. dubliniensis [8]. CHROMagar Candida contains a chromogenic β‐glucosaminidase substrate that reacts with species‐specific enzymes to give colonies with different colours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Chromogenic Candida Agar for isolation and presumptive identification of pathogenic yeast species

Ghelardi¹,

Pichierri²,

Castagna³

et al. 2008

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Chromogenic Candida Agar is a novel differential culture medium that is claimed to facilitate isolation and identification of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. The performance of this medium was evaluated for presumptive identification of 521 yeast strains, representing 23 different species, for detection of specimens containing yeast mixtures, and for direct isolation of yeast from blood cultures. All yeasts grew well on the medium following a 48-h incubation period at 37 degrees C, and distinctive colonies were produced by C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, Candida guilliermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon mucoides and Geotrichum capitatum. The sensitivity and specificity of the medium exceeded 99.4% for each of these species. The medium provided some indication of the presence of Candida dubliniensis and Candida pulcherrima, and allowed the identification of polyfungal samples in 89.4% of the yeast mixtures. Finally, direct isolation on the medium from blood cultures that were positive for yeast according to Gram's stain (n = 42) showed that the expected colour and morphology of each species were not altered in the presence of blood.

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“…in pure culture after 24 h of incubation on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Blue colonies on Candida ID-2 agar (bioMérieux) (Eraso et al, 2006), an abundance of chlamydospores on rice agar, and growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 42 u C and 45 u C, suggested Candida albicans; however, biochemical identification by API ID32 (bioMérieux) was ambiguous, suggesting Candida dubliniensis after 48 h (code 7142140015, 99.3 %, T0.67) and C. albicans after 72 h incubation (code 7347150015, 98.4 %, T0.53). In the Bichro-Dubli latex agglutination test (Fumouze) the isolate reacted positively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by Candida dubliniensis

Wellinghausen

Moericke

Bundschuh

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Candida dubliniensis is an emerging fungal pathogen, especially in immunodeficient patients. We report what is to the best of our knowledge the first case of multifocal osteomyelitis following disseminated infection in a patient after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PFGE for typing of C. dubliniensis was developed and the necessity of long-term antifungal therapy is discussed. Case reportA 19-year-old white man with congenital haemolytic anaemia of undefined genetic origin, son of consanguineous parents, was referred for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) to our institution. He suffered from the sequelae of lifelong transfusion therapy including haemosiderosis of the liver (histological grade IV), pancreas and endocrine system, and showed incompliance to chelate therapy.The conditioning regimen for PBSCT consisted of radioimmunotherapy with an yttrium-90-labelled CD66 antibody for myeloablation (calculated bone marrow dose 17 Gy), and chemotherapy with fludarabine (40 mg m 22 for 4 days) and melphalan (140 mg m 22 for 1 day). In addition, antithymocyte globulin [rabbit (Sangstadt) 3.3 mg kg 21 for 3 days] was given. On day 0 the patient received peripheral blood stem cells of a 10/10 human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated female donor. The number of CD34 + cells in the graft was 4610 6 cells kg 21 , the CD3 cell count was adapted to 1610 7 cells (kg body weight)21 . Graft versus host disease prophylaxis included cyclosporine and mycophenolate.The patient developed fever on day 21 when ceftazidime was started (100 mg kg 21 per day). On day +4 vancomycin (40 mg kg 21 per day) was added, and on day +7 ceftazidime was changed to meropenem (80 mg kg 21 per day). However, spiking temperatures continued and C-reactive protein (CrP) increased to a peak level of 298 mg l 21 on day +10. No infectious focus was detected by computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax. However, on day +8, he developed generalized papulopustulous skin efflorescences on his trunk and extremities suggestive of septic metastases.A skin biopsy was performed at day +9 and grew Candida spp. in pure culture after 24 h of incubation on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Blue colonies on Candida ID-2 agar (bioMérieux) (Eraso et al., 2006), an abundance of chlamydospores on rice agar, and growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 42 u C and 45 u C, suggested Candida albicans; however, biochemical identification by API ID32 (bioMérieux) was ambiguous, suggesting Candida dubliniensis after 48 h (code 7142140015, 99.3 %, T0.67) and C. albicans after 72 h incubation (code 7347150015, 98.4 %, T0.53). In the BichroDubli latex agglutination test (Fumouze) the isolate reacted positively. By sequencing a 550 bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 using the primers Fungi for (59-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-39) and Fungi rev (59-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3 9 ) identification of C. dubliniensis was confirmed. The strain showed 99.6 % homology to the C. dubliniensis reference strain DSM 13628 (GenBank accession number DQ105856) using the BL...

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Usefulness of Candida ID2 agar for the presumptive identification ofCandida dubliniensis

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Capacity of the Candida Species To Elicit Vaginal Immunopathology

Comparative Analysis of the Capacity of the Candida Species To Elicit Vaginal Immunopathology

Efficacy of Chromogenic Candida Agar for isolation and presumptive identification of pathogenic yeast species

Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by Candida dubliniensis

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