Usefulness of combining serum uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for risk stratification of patients with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling women

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. In women, increased uric acid (UA) levels are associated with MetS and its components. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are also associated with MetS, and hsCRP levels could be modulated by UA. We investigated whether combining UA and hsCRP levels are independently associated with MetS and insulin resistance in Japanese community-dwelling women. From a single community, we recruited 1,097 women (63 ± 12 years) during their annual health examination, and examined the cross-sectional relationship between UA, hsCRP, and MetS and insulin resistance, which was evaluated by homeostasis of minimal assessment of insulin resistance. Of these subjects, 218 women (19.9 %) had MetS. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of each confounding factor for MetS and insulin resistance, both UA and hsCRP as well as age and alcohol consumption, were independently and significantly associated with MetS and insulin resistance. The adjusted-odds ratios (95 % confidence interval) for MetS across tertiles of UA and hsCRP were 1.00, 1.45 (0.95–2.22), and 2.61 (1.74–3.93), and 1.00, 1.80 (1.18–2.74), and 3.23 (2.15–4.85), respectively. In addition, the combination increased UA, and hsCRP was also a significant and independent determinant for MetS and insulin resistance. In direction associations, we also observed a synergistic effect between these two molecules (F = 2.76, P = 0.027). These results suggested that combined assessment of UA and hsCRP levels provides incremental information for risk stratification of patients with MetS, independent of other confounding factors in community-dwelling women.

Elevated Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Representative Korean Sample

“…Because the study participants were mainly healthy adults, which limits generalizability, the prevalence of MetS was very low, unlike the prevalence of MetS in the general population. In a Japanese study of community-dwelling women, the ORs of hsCRP were significantly higher for MetS (OR = 3.23) and its components after controlling for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption [17]. Our results showed a stronger association after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and general health variables than that in the previous study (OR = 4.59).…”

Interactive association of baseline and changes in serum uric acid on renal dysfunction among community‐dwelling persons

“…In addition to significant renal effects, excess accumulation of SUA can lead to various diseases . Recent epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies have consistently showed that SUA has an important causative role in the onset and progression of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, CVD, and CVD mortality . Moreover, a change in SUA level may be related to other lifestyle‐related factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking status, socioeconomic stress, and exercise habits .…”

Serum uric acid does not predict incident metabolic syndrome in a population with high prevalence of obesity

“…In a study in Korea including ~2400 individuals, high levels of UA (>6.5 mg/dL in men and >5.1 mg/dL in women) were associated with a more than two-fold probability of MetS (20) independently of sex. This study was observational and cross-sectional and no adjustment was made for prevalent diabetes mellitus and body composition.…”